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War --- War crimes --- Protection of civilians --- War crimesProtection of civilians --- War - Protection of civilians
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The protection of civilians is a highly topical issue at the forefront of international discourse, and has taken a prominent role in many international deployments. It has been at the centre of debates on the NATO intervention in Libya, UN deployments in Darfur, South Sudan, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and on the failures of the international community in Sri Lanka and Syria. Variously described as a moral responsibility, a legal obligation, a mandated peacekeeping task, and the culmination of humanitarian activity, it has become a high-profile concern of governments, international organisations, and civil society, and a central issue in international peace and security. This book offers a multidisciplinary treatment of this important topic, harnessing perspectives from international law and international relations, traversing academia and practice. Moving from the historical and philosophical development of the civilian protection concept, through relevant bodies of international law and normative underpinnings, and on to politics and practice, the volume presents coherent cross-cutting analysis of the realities of conflict and diplomacy. In doing so, it engages a series of current debates, including on the role of politics in what has often been characterized as a humanitarian endeavour, and the challenges and impacts of the use of force.The work brings together a wide array of eminent academics and respected practitioners, incorporating contributions from legal scholars and ethicists, political commentators, diplomats, UN officials, military commanders, development experts and humanitarian aid workers. As the most comprehensive publication on the subject, this will be a first port of call for anyone studing or working towards a better protection of civilians in conflict.
Humanitarian law --- War --- Protection of civilians --- WarProtection of civilians --- War - Protection of civilians
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MILITARY ASSISTANCE --- PEACE-BUILDING --- WAR--PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS --- SECURITY SECTOR REFORM
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This textbook provides an introduction to humanitarian protection, a field of study concerned with international responses to armed conflict, political violence, and humanitarian crisis. The book engages with a wide range of empirical and normative questions, providing an overview of the academic literature whilst simultaneously discussing the policies and practices associated with protective responses to conflict and humanitarian emergencies that put the lives and livelihoods of vulnerable populations, including civilians, refugees, and minority groups, at risk. Divided into three parts, covering the origins of the humanitarian protection regime, the range of actors involved, and the responsibilities of these actors, the book offers an accessible entry point into the major contemporary debates, providing readers with the conceptual tools for understanding core issues. Key points are reinforced and illustrated through the deployment of selected case studies, and a comprehensive glossary is provided for key terms. Each chapter ends with a summary of key points, questions for further reflection, and a list of recommended reading.
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Protecting civilians essentially means minimising the negative consequences of conflict for those who are not actively engaged in fighting or ancillary activities. One might assume that shielding civilians from harm is a global public good upon which consensus can readily be achieved. Yet the reality is more blurred. Already the notions of both 'civilian' and 'protection' are contested, for instance. So too are the interpretation and application of many of the legal obligations which intend to ensure that civilians are safeguarded. In addition, protecting civilians oftentimes is in tension with other stakes as well as involves costs and trade-offs. As such, some justify civilian harm by national security imperatives or the exercise of a people's right to self-determination. Others perceive the concept as political cover for Western neo-imperialism.
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International lawyers and ethicists have long judged wars from the perspective of the state and its actions, developing international humanitarian law by asking such questions as "Are the belligerents justified in entering the conflict?" and "How should they conduct themselves during the war's execution?" and "When civilian noncombatants are harmed, who is responsible for their suffering?" Human Rights and War Through Civilian Eyes reimagines the ethics of war from the standpoint of its collateral victims, focusing on the effects of war on individuals—on those who are terrorized, or killed, or whose lives are violently disrupted. Upholding a human rights analysis of war, Thomas W. Smith conveys vividly the depth of human loss and the narrowing of everyday life brought about by armed conflict.Through riveting case studies of the Iraq War and the recent Gaza conflicts, Smith shows how even combatants who profess to follow the laws of war often engage in appalling violence and brutality, cutting short civilian lives, ruining economies, rending social fabrics, and collapsing public infrastructure. A focus on the human dimension of warfare makes clear the limits of international humanitarian law, and underscores how human rights perspectives increase its efficacy. At a moment when liberal states are rethinking the ethics of war as they seek to extricate themselves from unjust or unwise conflicts and taking on the responsibility to intervene to protect vulnerable people from slaughter, Human Rights and War helps us see with bracing clarity the devastating impact of war on innocent people.
Military ethics --- Civil war --- Civilian war casualties --- Humanitarian law. --- Combatants and noncombatants (International law) --- War --- Protection of civilians --- Noncombatants (International law) --- Humanitarian conventions --- International humanitarian law --- Casualties, Civilian war --- Civilian casualties of war --- Civil wars --- Intra-state war --- Rebellions --- Protection of civilians. --- Human rights --- War (International law) --- Armed Forces --- Belligerency --- Military law --- International law --- War casualties --- Government, Resistance to --- Revolutions --- Ethics --- Combatants and noncombatants (International law). --- Humanitarian law --- War - Protection of civilians --- Civilian war casualties - Case studies --- Civilian war casualties - Gaza Strip --- Civilian war casualties - Iraq --- Civil war - Protection of civilians - Case studies --- Civil war - Protection of civilians - Gaza Strip --- Civil war - Protection of civilians - Iraq --- Military ethics - Case studies --- Human rights - Gaza Strip --- Human rights - Iraq
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In armed conflicts around the world, children are being killed, raped, abducted and recruited to fight at a shocking scale. In light of this continuing general failure to protect children in conflict, it is questionable whether existing international law norms and institutions provide sufficient protection and accountability. Consideration needs to be given to whether international law can do more – practically and effectively – when moral lines are crossed. That is the purpose of this book. It reviews the position of children in armed conflict by reference to the 'six grave violations' as identified by the UN Security Council. It analyses the protection offered by international humanitarian law, international criminal law and international human rights law, and also assesses the related adjudicative accountability mechanisms. The analysis concludes with a number of recommendations and proposals for reform, with a view to enhancing accountability and deterring future violations. The book has been written by a team of lawyers, headed by Shaheed Fatima QC, and has drawn on the input of an expert advisory panel comprising leading academics, policy-makers and activists. It has been written as part of the Inquiry on Protecting Children in Conflict. The Inquiry has been sponsored by Save the Children and Theirworld and chaired by former UK Prime Minister, Gordon Brown.
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