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Madam C. J. Walker-reputed to be America's first self-made woman millionaire-has long been celebrated for her rags-to-riches story. Born to former slaves in the Louisiana Delta in the aftermath of the Civil War, married at fourteen, and widowed at twenty, Walker spent the first decades of her life as a laundress, laboring in conditions that paralleled the lives of countless poor and working-class African American women. By the time of her death in 1919, however, Walker had refashioned herself into one of the most famous African American figures in the nation: the owner and president of a hair-care empire and a philanthropist wealthy enough to own a country estate near the Rockefellers in the prestigious New York town of Irvington-on-Hudson. In this biography, Erica Ball places this remarkable and largely forgotten life story in the context of Walker's times. Ball analyzes Walker's remarkable acts of self-fashioning, and explores the ways that Walker (and the Walker brand) enabled a new generation of African Americans to bridge the gap between a nineteenth-century agrarian past and a twentieth-century future as urban-dwelling consumers.
Businesswomen --- Women philanthropists --- Women millionaires --- Walker, C. J., --- United States.
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E-books --- Walker, C.J., Madam --- anno 1800-1899 --- anno 1900-1999 --- United States --- United States of America --- Charity --- Women --- Blackness --- Biography --- Book
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African American women executives --- Cosmetics industry --- Entrepreneurship --- Afro-American women executives --- Women executives, African American --- Women executives --- Biography --- History --- Walker, C. J., --- Breedlove, Sarah, --- Walker, --- Walker, Sarah Breedlove,
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Founder of a beauty empire, Madam C.J. Walker was celebrated as America's first self-made female millionaire in the early 1900s. Known as a leading African American entrepreneur, Walker was also devoted to an activist philanthropy aimed at empowering African Americans and challenging the injustices inflicted by Jim Crow. Tyrone McKinley Freeman's biography highlights how giving shaped Walker's life before and after she became wealthy. Poor and widowed when she arrived in St. Louis in her twenties, Walker found mentorship among black churchgoers and working black women. Her adoption of faith, racial uplift, education, and self-help soon informed her dedication to assisting black women's entrepreneurship, financial independence, and activism.
African American women executives --- Women philanthropists --- Philanthropists --- Women benefactors --- Afro-American women executives --- Women executives, African American --- Women executives --- Walker, C. J., --- Breedlove, Sarah, --- Walker, --- Walker, Sarah Breedlove, --- African American executives --- African American philanthropists --- Cosmetics industry --- History. --- Aesthetics industry --- Beauty services industry --- Toilet preparations industry --- Philanthropists, African American --- Afro-American executives --- Executives, African American --- Negro executives --- Executives
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