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Wave energy offers a promising renewable energy source. This guide presents numerical modelling and optimisation methods for the development of wave energy converter technologies, from principles to applications. It covers oscillating water column technologies, theoretical wave power absorption, heaving point absorbers in single and multi-mode degrees of freedom, and the relatively hitherto unexplored topic of wave energy harvesting farms. It can be used as a specialist student textbook as well as a reference book for the design of wave energy harvesting systems, across a broad range of disciplines, including renewable energy, marine engineering, infrastructure engineering, hydrodynamics, ocean science, and mechatronics engineering. The Open Access version of this book, available at https://www.routledge.com/ has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Renewable energy sources. --- Alternate energy sources --- Alternative energy sources --- Energy sources, Renewable --- Sustainable energy sources --- Power resources --- Renewable natural resources --- Agriculture and energy --- heaving point absorber --- Marine energy --- oscillating water column --- Renewable energy --- tidal energy --- Wave energy harvesting --- WEC --- wave energy conversion --- wave power absorption --- wave power farms

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Sports economics is a relatively new field of research that is experiencing rapid growth in the economics literature. The importance of the sports industry to economies coupled with the availability of financial and productivity data have made the study of sports economics a useful avenue for exploring research questions that have eluded mainstream economics fields. The main goal of this Special Issue of the International Journal of Financial Studies is to encourage theoretical and applied research in sports economics, which is of interest to both academics and practitioners. For this purpose, this Special Issue on “Sports Finance” invites papers on topics, such as, but not limited to, salary determination, ticket pricing, revenue sharing, salary caps, competitive balance, new stadium financing, rival league behavior, determinants of revenue, television and media, tournament prize structures, financial distress in professional sports, financial fair play, financial control of sports clubs, Third Party Ownership, financial efficiency in professional sports, budget constrains and sport performance, financial information of sports, ownership of professional sport clubs and Crowdfunding in sports. Papers on both professional and amateur sports are welcome.

earnings persistence --- subsidy --- M42 --- M41 --- fighting --- welfare --- salary --- financial health --- KHL --- college sports --- earnings predictability --- sports finance --- Z2 --- financial fair play --- Zuffa LLC --- audit fees --- payment failure --- finances --- soft budget constraint --- European football clubs --- revenue sharing --- mixed martial arts (MMA) --- effort --- financial recovery --- moments --- NHL --- JEL Classification --- profit maximisation --- country of origin --- professional team sport --- polarization --- uncertainty of outcome --- bonuses --- fighter performance --- grants --- hockey --- accruals --- Financial Fair Play --- audit shopping --- football --- UEFA --- risk aversion --- economics --- Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) --- World Extreme Cagefighting (WEC) --- regulation --- French soccer --- cricket --- disequilibrium modelling --- segmented labour market --- finance --- attendance

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Concerns relating to energy supply and climate change have driven renewable energy targets around the world. Marine renewable energy could make a significant contribution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating the consequences of climate change, while providing a high-technology industry. The conversion of wave and tidal energy into electricity has many advantages. Individual tidal and wave energy devices have been installed and proven, with commercial arrays planned throughout the world. The wave and tidal energy industry has developed rapidly in the past few years; therefore, it seems timely to review current research and map future challenges. Methods to improve understanding of the resource and interactions (between energy extraction, the resource and the environment) are considered, such as resource characterisation (including electricity output), design considerations (e.g., extreme and fatigue loadings) and environmental impacts, at all timescales (ranging from turbulence to decadal) and all spatial scales (from device and array scales to shelf sea scales).

Research & information: general --- tide-surge-wave model --- Taiwanese waters --- sea-state hindcast --- wave power --- wave energy --- unstructured grid model --- resource characterization --- WaveWatch III --- SWAN --- tidal energy --- experimental testing --- acoustic Doppler profiler --- Strangford Lough --- dc-dc bidirectional converter --- finite control set-model predictive control (FCS-MPC) --- oscillating water column (OWC) --- supercapacitor energy storage (SCES) --- wave climate variability --- wavelet analysis --- teleconnection patterns --- marine renewable energy --- ocean energy --- environmental effects --- wave modeling --- wave propagation --- numerical modeling --- sediment dynamics --- risk assessment --- marine current energy --- spiral involute blade --- hydrodynamic analysis --- numerical simulation --- wave energy trends --- reanalysis wave data --- Chilean coast --- renewable energy --- wave energy converters --- annual mean power production --- wave energy converter --- transmission coefficient --- absorption --- surfing amenity --- resource --- impact assessment --- feasibility study --- floating offshore wave farm --- WEC --- IRR --- LCOE --- marine energy --- unmanned ocean device --- multi-type floating bodies --- nonlinear Froude-Krylov force --- energy efficiency

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Concerns relating to energy supply and climate change have driven renewable energy targets around the world. Marine renewable energy could make a significant contribution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating the consequences of climate change, while providing a high-technology industry. The conversion of wave and tidal energy into electricity has many advantages. Individual tidal and wave energy devices have been installed and proven, with commercial arrays planned throughout the world. The wave and tidal energy industry has developed rapidly in the past few years; therefore, it seems timely to review current research and map future challenges. Methods to improve understanding of the resource and interactions (between energy extraction, the resource and the environment) are considered, such as resource characterisation (including electricity output), design considerations (e.g., extreme and fatigue loadings) and environmental impacts, at all timescales (ranging from turbulence to decadal) and all spatial scales (from device and array scales to shelf sea scales).

Research & information: general --- tide-surge-wave model --- Taiwanese waters --- sea-state hindcast --- wave power --- wave energy --- unstructured grid model --- resource characterization --- WaveWatch III --- SWAN --- tidal energy --- experimental testing --- acoustic Doppler profiler --- Strangford Lough --- dc-dc bidirectional converter --- finite control set-model predictive control (FCS-MPC) --- oscillating water column (OWC) --- supercapacitor energy storage (SCES) --- wave climate variability --- wavelet analysis --- teleconnection patterns --- marine renewable energy --- ocean energy --- environmental effects --- wave modeling --- wave propagation --- numerical modeling --- sediment dynamics --- risk assessment --- marine current energy --- spiral involute blade --- hydrodynamic analysis --- numerical simulation --- wave energy trends --- reanalysis wave data --- Chilean coast --- renewable energy --- wave energy converters --- annual mean power production --- wave energy converter --- transmission coefficient --- absorption --- surfing amenity --- resource --- impact assessment --- feasibility study --- floating offshore wave farm --- WEC --- IRR --- LCOE --- marine energy --- unmanned ocean device --- multi-type floating bodies --- nonlinear Froude-Krylov force --- energy efficiency --- tide-surge-wave model --- Taiwanese waters --- sea-state hindcast --- wave power --- wave energy --- unstructured grid model --- resource characterization --- WaveWatch III --- SWAN --- tidal energy --- experimental testing --- acoustic Doppler profiler --- Strangford Lough --- dc-dc bidirectional converter --- finite control set-model predictive control (FCS-MPC) --- oscillating water column (OWC) --- supercapacitor energy storage (SCES) --- wave climate variability --- wavelet analysis --- teleconnection patterns --- marine renewable energy --- ocean energy --- environmental effects --- wave modeling --- wave propagation --- numerical modeling --- sediment dynamics --- risk assessment --- marine current energy --- spiral involute blade --- hydrodynamic analysis --- numerical simulation --- wave energy trends --- reanalysis wave data --- Chilean coast --- renewable energy --- wave energy converters --- annual mean power production --- wave energy converter --- transmission coefficient --- absorption --- surfing amenity --- resource --- impact assessment --- feasibility study --- floating offshore wave farm --- WEC --- IRR --- LCOE --- marine energy --- unmanned ocean device --- multi-type floating bodies --- nonlinear Froude-Krylov force --- energy efficiency

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The Special Issue “Assessment and Nonlinear Modeling of Wave, Tidal, and Wind Energy Converters and Turbines” contributes original research to stimulate the continuing progress of the offshore renewable energy (ORE) field, with a focus on state-of-the-art numerical approaches developed for the design and analysis of ORE devices. Particularly, this collection provides new methodologies, analytical/numerical tools, and theoretical methods that deal with engineering problems in the ORE field of wave, wind, and current structures. This Special Issue covers a wide range of multidisciplinary aspects, such as the 1) study of generalized interaction wake model systems with elm variation for offshore wind farms; 2) a flower pollination method based on global maximum power point tracking strategy for point-absorbing type wave energy converters; 3) performance optimization of a Kirsten–Boeing turbine using a metamodel based on neural networks coupled with CFD; 4) proposal of a novel semi-submersible floating wind turbine platform composed of inclined columns and multi-segmented mooring lines; 5) reduction of tower fatigue through blade back twist and active pitch-to-stall control strategy for a semi-submersible floating offshore wind turbine; 6) assessment of primary energy conversion of a closed-circuit OWC wave energy converter; 7) development and validation of a wave-to-wire model for two types of OWC wave energy converters; 8) assessment of a hydrokinetic energy converter based on vortex-induced angular oscillations of a cylinder; 9) application of wave-turbulence decomposition methods on a tidal energy site assessment; 10) parametric study for an oscillating water column wave energy conversion system installed on a breakwater; 11) optimal dimensions of a semisubmersible floating platform for a 10 MW wind turbine; 12) fatigue life assessment for power cables floating in offshore wind turbines.

off-shore wind farms (OSWFs) --- wake model --- wind turbine (WT) --- Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) --- wind power (WP) --- large-eddy simulation (LES) --- point-absorbing --- wave energy converter (WEC) --- maximum power point tracking (MPPT) --- flower pollination algorithm (FPA) --- power take-off (PTO) --- hill-climbing method --- Kirsten–Boeing --- vertical axis turbine --- optimization --- neural nets --- Tensorflow --- ANSYS CFX --- metamodeling --- FOWT --- multi-segmented mooring line --- inclined columns --- semi-submersible --- AFWT --- floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) --- pitch-to-stall --- blade back twist --- tower fore–aft moments --- negative damping --- blade flapwise moment --- tower axial fatigue life --- wave energy --- oscillating water column --- tank testing --- valves --- air compressibility --- air turbine --- wave-to-wire model --- energy harnessing --- energy converter --- flow-induced oscillations --- vortex-induced vibration --- flow–structure interaction --- hydrodynamics --- vortex shedding --- cylinder wake --- tidal energy --- site assessment --- wave-current interaction --- turbulence --- integral length scales --- wave-turbulence decomposition --- OWC --- wave power converting system --- parametric study --- caisson breakwater application --- floating offshore wind turbines --- frequency domain model --- semisubmersible platform --- 10 MW wind turbines --- large floating platform --- platform optimization --- wind energy --- floating offshore wind turbine --- dynamic analysis --- fatigue life assessment --- flexible power cables --- Daguragu / Kalkaringi / Wave Hill (Central NT SE52-08)