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A technique was developed for the determination if arsenite (AsIII), arsenate (AsV), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) in human urine by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with hydride generation and atomic fluorescence detection. The separation efficiency by anion exchange column (PRP-X100) was studied. Effects such as argon and hydrogen flow rates, hydrochloric acid and sodium borohydride concentrations were assessed by determination of the signal to base ratio. Arsenobetaïne (AB), arsenocholine (AC) and trimethylarsine (TMA) were detected only after oxidation. This method displays a large range of linearity and 0.3 ng, 0.4 ng, 0.4 ng and 0.8 ng are the detection limits for AsIII, MMA, DMA, AsV respectively. A comparison between atomic fluorescence spectroscopy and atomic absorbance spectroscopy was made by analyzing sample of two rounds of an external quality testing program. Nous avons développé une technique permettant la détermination dans l’eau et dans l’urine de l’arsénite (AsIII), de l’arsénate (AsV), de l’acide monométhylarsonique (M.M.A.) et de l’acide diméthylarsinique (D.M.A.), par chromatographie liquide à haute performance couplée à un générateur d’hydrure et à un détecteur de fluorescence atomique. Nous avons étudié l’efficacité de la séparation des diverses formes de l’élément sur une colonne échangeuse d’anions (PRP X-100). Nous avons optimisé les paramètres de détection, tels que les débits d’hydrogène et d’argon, les concentrations en acide chlorhydrique et en borohydrure sodique, par calcul du rapport signal/bruit. L’arsénobétaïne (AB) , l’arsénocholine (AC) et l’oxude de triméthylarsine ne sont détectables que s’ils ont été préalablement oxydés. Cette méthode possède une linéarité de réponse sur plusieurs ordres de grandeurs et les limites de détection sont respectivement pour AsIII, MMA, DA, AsV de 0.3 ng, 0.4 ng, 0.4 ng et 0.8 ng. Nous avons comparé, pour des échantillons de routine, les résultats de dosages par fluorescence atomique et absorption atomique.

Chromatography, Liquid --- Fluorescence --- Arsenic --- Water Pollutants, Chemical

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Drinking. --- Nitrates --- Water pollutants, chemical, adverse effects. --- Water supply. --- Adverse effects.

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AIR POLLUTANTS --- SOIL POLLUTANTS --- WATER POLLUTANTS, CHEMICAL --- FLUORINE --- NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS --- HUMAN --- ANIMAL --- PLANT --- FOOD CONTAMINATION

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This book evaluates the effects of silver and silver comounds to the environment including their uptake and accumulation in plants. Silver is a rare but naturally occurring metal often found deposited as a mineral ore in association with other elements. Emissions from smelting operations manufacture and disposal of certain photographic and electrical supplies coal combustion and cloud seeding are some of the anthropogenic sources of silver and silver compounds in the biosphere.

Environmental Exposure. --- Risk Assessment. --- Silver -- adverse effects. --- Silver -- Environmental aspects. --- Silver Compounds -- adverse effects. --- Silver compounds -- Environmental aspects. --- Water Pollutants, Chemical -- adverse effects. --- Silver. --- Silver Compounds. --- Risk Assessment. --- Water Pollutants, Chemical. --- Environmental Exposure. --- Risk. --- Environmental Pollution. --- Water Pollutants. --- Epidemiologic Measurements. --- Metals, Heavy. --- Inorganic Chemicals. --- Transition Elements. --- Risk Management. --- Probability. --- Public Health. --- Environmental Pollutants. --- Elements. --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Metals. --- Organization and Administration. --- Environment and Public Health. --- Health Services Administration. --- Statistics as Topic. --- Toxic Actions. --- Delivery of Health Care. --- Chemical Actions and Uses. --- Epidemiologic Methods. --- Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms. --- Quality of Health Care. --- Investigative Techniques. --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation.

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When this book was first published in 1996, the pollution of the earth's freshwater habitats was, as it is now, a topic of major concern. This synthesis considers the effects of pollutants on aquatic animals via a series of research and review articles that present experimental evidence of sublethal and lethal effects of a range of toxicants at the physiological, cellular and subcellular levels, and that explore techniques for detection of pollution damage. Topics covered include routes of uptake of toxicants; the effect of acute and chronic exposure to toxic metal ions, particularly zinc, copper and aluminium, with emphasis on the mechanisms of toxicity and responses to chronic exposure to sublethal levels; the impact on fish biology of two chemicals of current concern, nitrites and polyaromatic hydrocarbons, which may act as oestrogenic substances or potent mutagens; and in vitro studies of the mechanisms of toxicity at the cellular and subcellular level, including damage of DNA, using cultured fish cells.

Marine biology --- Fishes --- Water Pollutants, Chemical --- Aquatic organisms --- Water --- Organismes aquatiques, Effets de la pollution de l'eau sur les --- Congresses --- physiology --- congresses --- toxicity --- Effect of water pollution on --- Pollution --- Toxicology --- -Fishes --- -Water --- -504.4 --- 574.5 --- Hydrology --- Fish --- Pisces --- Aquatic animals --- Vertebrates --- Fisheries --- Fishing --- Ichthyology --- Aquatic biology --- Organisms --- -Toxicology --- Ocean and sea environment. Including : sea floor, sea water --- Hydrobiology. Aquatic biocoenoses and ecosystems. Food chains --- Life Sciences --- General and Others --- 574.5 Hydrobiology. Aquatic biocoenoses and ecosystems. Food chains --- 504.4 --- Fishes, Effect of water pollution on --- Fish kills --- Pollution&delete& --- Marine Biology --- Congresses. --- congresses. --- Toxicology. --- Effect of water pollution on. --- Aquatic toxicology