Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Steroid-sensitive, vocal courtship behavior is a function of a specific, hypothalamic nucleus, the sexually dimorphic area pars compacta (SDApc) in the male adult gerbil. Gender-related differences in the number of neurons in this nucleus are evident immediately after birth. By using unbiased stereological estimates of cell numbers in Nissl-stained, paraffin-wax sections of brain, we investigated the mechanisms differentiating cell number between the sexes in the SDApc on postnatal days 0, 3, 6, and 15. Cell death, identified by pyknosis, was greatest in the SDApc between days 0-3 in males, whereas in females, maximum values were reached between days 3-6. Similarly, the ratio of pyknotic to normal neurons peaked between days 0-3 in males and 3-6 in females but then declined in both sexes. Pyknotic cells were seldom seen in either sex by day 15. Morphological characteristics of apoptosis including chromatin condensation, cell fragmentation, and ingestion of apoptic bodies by macrophages were all demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy. Macrophages showed specific morphological characteristics of microglia. Cell division (mitosis) was identified in the SDApc during postnatal days 0, 3, and 6 but the numbers of mitotic figures were low, negligible on day 15, and similar between the sexes. These results demonstrate that cell death and proliferation occur simultaneously in the neonatal gerbil brain. The stereological estimates of cell death in the developing SDApc indicated a lower incidence of neuronal death occurring earlier in males than in females. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc

Adult. --- Androgens. --- Area. --- Behavior. --- Birth. --- Brain. --- Cell-death. --- Courtship behavior. --- Cytoarchitecture. --- Death. --- Degeneration. --- Development. --- Differentiation. --- Female. --- Females. --- Function. --- Gerbil. --- Gerbils. --- Male. --- Males. --- Mechanisms. --- Medial preoptic area. --- Mitosis. --- Neonatal. --- Nervous-system. --- Neuronal death. --- Neuronal. --- Neurons. --- Nucleus. --- Pars compacta. --- Postnatal-development. --- Pyknosis. --- Rat-brain. --- Sex-differences. --- Sex. --- Sexes. --- Sexually dimorphic area. --- Time. --- Transmission. --- Vocal function.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Special Issue “Advances in Management of Voice and Swallowing Disorders” is dedicated to innovations in screening and assessment and the effectiveness of interventions in both dysphonia and dysphagia. In contemporary practice, novel techniques have been introduced in diagnostics and rehabilitative interventions (e.g., machine learning, electrical stimulation). Similarly, advancements in methodological approaches to validate measures have been introduced (e.g., item response theory using Rasch analysis), prompting the need to develop new, robust measures for use in clinics and intervention studies. Against this backdrop, this Special Issue focuses on studies aiming to improve early diagnostics of laryngological disorders and its management. This issue also welcomes the submission of studies on diagnostic accuracy and psychometrics performance of existing and newly developed measures. This includes but is not limited to studies investigating screening tools with sound diagnostic accuracy and robust psychometric properties. Furthermore, interventions with high levels of evidence in relation to clinical outcome using robust methodology (e.g., sophisticated meta-analytic approaches) are of great interest. This issue provides an overview of the latest advances in voice and swallowing disorders.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- T1a glottic carcinoma --- transoral laser microsurgery --- treatment outcome --- vocal function --- objective voice diagnostics --- vocal extent measure (VEM) --- occupational voice disorders --- prevention --- prophylaxis --- teachers --- occupational health --- voice training --- balneotherapy --- dysphagia --- swallowing --- laryngeal penetration or aspiration --- deglutition --- reliability --- videofluoroscopic swallowing study --- deep learning --- machine learning --- Voice Handicap Index (VHI-9i) --- international short scale --- VHI-9i severity levels --- test-retest reliability --- validation of classification ranges --- self-assessed vocal impairment (VHIs) --- hoarseness --- dysphonia severity categories --- voice diagnostics --- deglutition disorders --- tongue --- exercise --- ageing --- Sob Voice Therapy --- Optimal Phonation Task --- Negative Practice --- auditory-perceptual analysis --- acoustic voice analysis --- laryngeal sensory dysfunction --- chronic refractory cough --- botulinum toxin --- larynx --- laryngeal hypersensitivity --- cough hypersensitivity syndrome --- globus pharyngeus --- laryngopharyngeal reflux --- neuropathic cough --- throat irritation --- auditory discrimination --- voice control --- voice assessment --- voice disorders --- swallowing disorders --- RCT --- intervention --- compensation --- rehabilitation --- classic test theory --- measure --- psychometrics --- videofluoroscopic swallow studies --- VMV --- neuromuscular electrical stimulation --- pharyngeal electrical stimulation --- PES --- NMES --- repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation --- transcranial direct current stimulation --- rTMS --- tDCS --- T1a glottic carcinoma --- transoral laser microsurgery --- treatment outcome --- vocal function --- objective voice diagnostics --- vocal extent measure (VEM) --- occupational voice disorders --- prevention --- prophylaxis --- teachers --- occupational health --- voice training --- balneotherapy --- dysphagia --- swallowing --- laryngeal penetration or aspiration --- deglutition --- reliability --- videofluoroscopic swallowing study --- deep learning --- machine learning --- Voice Handicap Index (VHI-9i) --- international short scale --- VHI-9i severity levels --- test-retest reliability --- validation of classification ranges --- self-assessed vocal impairment (VHIs) --- hoarseness --- dysphonia severity categories --- voice diagnostics --- deglutition disorders --- tongue --- exercise --- ageing --- Sob Voice Therapy --- Optimal Phonation Task --- Negative Practice --- auditory-perceptual analysis --- acoustic voice analysis --- laryngeal sensory dysfunction --- chronic refractory cough --- botulinum toxin --- larynx --- laryngeal hypersensitivity --- cough hypersensitivity syndrome --- globus pharyngeus --- laryngopharyngeal reflux --- neuropathic cough --- throat irritation --- auditory discrimination --- voice control --- voice assessment --- voice disorders --- swallowing disorders --- RCT --- intervention --- compensation --- rehabilitation --- classic test theory --- measure --- psychometrics --- videofluoroscopic swallow studies --- VMV --- neuromuscular electrical stimulation --- pharyngeal electrical stimulation --- PES --- NMES --- repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation --- transcranial direct current stimulation --- rTMS --- tDCS