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The Bunyaviridae is the largest family of RNA viruses, with over 350 isolates worldwide distributed into five genera (i.e., Hantavirus, Orthobunyavirus, Nairovirus, Tospovirus, and Phlebovirus). Many of these viruses are significant human or agricultural pathogens. The increasing number of reports on new emerging bunyaviruses and infection episodes makes it essential that we obtain a comprehensive understanding of bunyaviruses and their infection mechanisms. Although all bunyaviruses possesses a tripartite, negative-sense (or ambi-sense) RNA genome, they exhibit substantial differences in their structure, genome organization and replication strategies, which make functional interpolation across genus boundaries difficult. Fortunately, the bunyavirus field has witnessed many exciting new findings and breakthroughs in recent years. These discoveries span a wide spectrum of research areas, including structural characterization of viruses and viral proteins, the identification of new viruses, investigations into host switch and vectors of transmission, genome-based analysis of virus evolution and phylogenetic lineages, the development of new research tools, such as replicons and reverse genetics, molecular characterization of the virus life cycle at the cell level (i.e., cell entry, replication, transcription, translation, genome packaging, reassortment, and virus assembly, etc.), studies of virus–host interactions and host antiviral defense, the development of vaccines/drugs and the use of bunyaviruses for novel applications. This book includes both research and review papers that together provide a glimpse into the latest research on bunyaviruses and, at the same time, highlight some of the important research achievements made in recent years. Study topics of both a fundamental and applied nature are collated. An informed perspective for future research directions is provided and can stimulate research in some of the understudied areas.
Nairovirus --- Tospovirus --- Reverse genetics --- Orthobunyavirus --- Vectors and transmission --- Bunyavirus entry --- Bunyavirus replication --- Emerging diseases --- Virus-host interactions --- Viral immunity --- Bunyaviridae --- Bunyavirus assembly and release --- Vaccine development --- Hantavirus --- Antiviral therapeutics --- Phlebovirus
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Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne member of the Flaviviridae family that historically has been associated with mild febrile illness. However, the recent outbreaks in Brazil in 2015 and its rapid spread throughout South and Central America and the Caribbean, together with its association with severe neurological disorders—including fetal microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults—have changed the historic perspective of ZIKV. Currently, ZIKV is considered an important public health concern that has the potential to affect millions of people worldwide. The significance of ZIKV in human health and the lack of approved vaccines and/or antiviral drugs to combat ZIKV infection have triggered a global effort to develop effective countermeasures to prevent and/or treat ZIKV infection. In this Special Issue of Viruses, we have assembled a collection of 32 research and review articles that cover the more recent advances on ZIKV molecular biology, replication and transmission, virus–host interactions, pathogenesis, epidemiology, vaccine development, antivirals, and viral diagnosis.
microRNAs --- antivirals --- reverse genetics --- nucleic acid computation --- viral pathogenesis --- plaque reduction neutralization test --- clinical trials --- viral genetic variation --- viral fitness --- pregnancy --- type I IFN antagonist --- prM-E proteins --- eye --- replicon --- antiviral responses --- Bacterial artificial chromosome --- gene expression --- NS1 protein --- viral permissiveness --- ZIKV–host interactions --- reporter virus --- viral persistence --- blood-retinal barrier --- virus like particles --- emerging arbovirus --- Non-human primates --- heme-oxygenase 1 --- mosquito surveillance --- antiviral compounds --- ZIKV-associated neurologic disorders --- external quality assessment --- outbreak control --- therapeutics --- cryptic promoter silencing --- testis --- neurons --- mutagenesis --- RNA-seq --- microsphere immunoassay --- host-directed antivirals --- molecular diagnostics --- Bayesian analyses --- astrocytomas --- Full-length cDNA infectious clones --- viral pathogenicity --- neural progenitor cells --- full-length molecular clone --- antiviral --- multiplex nucleic acid detection --- Asian-lineage --- nucleic acid strand exchange --- IgA --- African-lineage --- vaccines --- Zika --- research models and tools --- immune response --- IgG avidity tests --- polymerase chain reaction --- Asian lineage --- sexual transmission --- TLR7/8 --- neuropathogenesis --- cross-reactions --- genetic variability --- mosquito --- ZIKV --- infectious cDNA --- prostate --- host genetic variation --- monoclonal antibodies --- optimised --- anti-viral immunity --- QCMD --- arbovirus --- FSS13025 --- MR766 --- NS5 --- EQA --- testicular cells --- virus attachment --- flavivirus --- mosquito-borne flavivirus --- dsRNA --- boolean logic-processing nucleic acid probes --- Ziks virus --- viral replication --- Aedes aegypti --- infection --- natural history --- infectious RNA --- zika virus --- chimeric viruses --- subgenomic replicon --- replication --- human brain glial cells --- microglia cells --- hepatocytes --- bacterial artificial chromosome --- detoxification and immune system responses --- testes --- dengue viruses --- Zika virus --- insecticide resistance --- NS2A protein --- plasmid toxicity --- cell surface receptors --- serology --- viral evolution --- laboratory preparedness --- flaviviruses --- Tet-inducible --- dengue virus --- diagnosis --- assay standardization --- infectious clone --- ELISA --- innate response --- congenital Zika syndrome --- secondary infections --- apoptosis --- viral survival --- ocular --- validated --- rhesus macaques --- neuroinflammation --- placenta cells --- NHP --- Zika virus (ZIKV) --- point-of-care diagnostics --- isothermal nucleic acid amplification --- microcephaly --- cytopathic effects --- indirect immunofluorescence --- fetal infection --- therapy --- siRNA --- viral counteraction --- neural cells --- silvestrol --- eIF4A --- microRNAs --- antivirals --- reverse genetics --- nucleic acid computation --- viral pathogenesis --- plaque reduction neutralization test --- clinical trials --- viral genetic variation --- viral fitness --- pregnancy --- type I IFN antagonist --- prM-E proteins --- eye --- replicon --- antiviral responses --- Bacterial artificial chromosome --- gene expression --- NS1 protein --- viral permissiveness --- ZIKV–host interactions --- reporter virus --- viral persistence --- blood-retinal barrier --- virus like particles --- emerging arbovirus --- Non-human primates --- heme-oxygenase 1 --- mosquito surveillance --- antiviral compounds --- ZIKV-associated neurologic disorders --- external quality assessment --- outbreak control --- therapeutics --- cryptic promoter silencing --- testis --- neurons --- mutagenesis --- RNA-seq --- microsphere immunoassay --- host-directed antivirals --- molecular diagnostics --- Bayesian analyses --- astrocytomas --- Full-length cDNA infectious clones --- viral pathogenicity --- neural progenitor cells --- full-length molecular clone --- antiviral --- multiplex nucleic acid detection --- Asian-lineage --- nucleic acid strand exchange --- IgA --- African-lineage --- vaccines --- Zika --- research models and tools --- immune response --- IgG avidity tests --- polymerase chain reaction --- Asian lineage --- sexual transmission --- TLR7/8 --- neuropathogenesis --- cross-reactions --- genetic variability --- mosquito --- ZIKV --- infectious cDNA --- prostate --- host genetic variation --- monoclonal antibodies --- optimised --- anti-viral immunity --- QCMD --- arbovirus --- FSS13025 --- MR766 --- NS5 --- EQA --- testicular cells --- virus attachment --- flavivirus --- mosquito-borne flavivirus --- dsRNA --- boolean logic-processing nucleic acid probes --- Ziks virus --- viral replication --- Aedes aegypti --- infection --- natural history --- infectious RNA --- zika virus --- chimeric viruses --- subgenomic replicon --- replication --- human brain glial cells --- microglia cells --- hepatocytes --- bacterial artificial chromosome --- detoxification and immune system responses --- testes --- dengue viruses --- Zika virus --- insecticide resistance --- NS2A protein --- plasmid toxicity --- cell surface receptors --- serology --- viral evolution --- laboratory preparedness --- flaviviruses --- Tet-inducible --- dengue virus --- diagnosis --- assay standardization --- infectious clone --- ELISA --- innate response --- congenital Zika syndrome --- secondary infections --- apoptosis --- viral survival --- ocular --- validated --- rhesus macaques --- neuroinflammation --- placenta cells --- NHP --- Zika virus (ZIKV) --- point-of-care diagnostics --- isothermal nucleic acid amplification --- microcephaly --- cytopathic effects --- indirect immunofluorescence --- fetal infection --- therapy --- siRNA --- viral counteraction --- neural cells --- silvestrol --- eIF4A
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Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne member of the Flaviviridae family that historically has been associated with mild febrile illness. However, the recent outbreaks in Brazil in 2015 and its rapid spread throughout South and Central America and the Caribbean, together with its association with severe neurological disorders—including fetal microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults—have changed the historic perspective of ZIKV. Currently, ZIKV is considered an important public health concern that has the potential to affect millions of people worldwide. The significance of ZIKV in human health and the lack of approved vaccines and/or antiviral drugs to combat ZIKV infection have triggered a global effort to develop effective countermeasures to prevent and/or treat ZIKV infection. In this Special Issue of Viruses, we have assembled a collection of 32 research and review articles that cover the more recent advances on ZIKV molecular biology, replication and transmission, virus–host interactions, pathogenesis, epidemiology, vaccine development, antivirals, and viral diagnosis.
microRNAs --- antivirals --- reverse genetics --- nucleic acid computation --- viral pathogenesis --- plaque reduction neutralization test --- clinical trials --- viral genetic variation --- viral fitness --- pregnancy --- type I IFN antagonist --- prM-E proteins --- eye --- replicon --- antiviral responses --- Bacterial artificial chromosome --- gene expression --- NS1 protein --- viral permissiveness --- ZIKV–host interactions --- reporter virus --- viral persistence --- blood-retinal barrier --- virus like particles --- emerging arbovirus --- Non-human primates --- heme-oxygenase 1 --- mosquito surveillance --- antiviral compounds --- ZIKV-associated neurologic disorders --- external quality assessment --- outbreak control --- therapeutics --- cryptic promoter silencing --- testis --- neurons --- mutagenesis --- RNA-seq --- microsphere immunoassay --- host-directed antivirals --- molecular diagnostics --- Bayesian analyses --- astrocytomas --- Full-length cDNA infectious clones --- viral pathogenicity --- neural progenitor cells --- full-length molecular clone --- antiviral --- multiplex nucleic acid detection --- Asian-lineage --- nucleic acid strand exchange --- IgA --- African-lineage --- vaccines --- Zika --- research models and tools --- immune response --- IgG avidity tests --- polymerase chain reaction --- Asian lineage --- sexual transmission --- TLR7/8 --- neuropathogenesis --- cross-reactions --- genetic variability --- mosquito --- ZIKV --- infectious cDNA --- prostate --- host genetic variation --- monoclonal antibodies --- optimised --- anti-viral immunity --- QCMD --- arbovirus --- FSS13025 --- MR766 --- NS5 --- EQA --- testicular cells --- virus attachment --- flavivirus --- mosquito-borne flavivirus --- dsRNA --- boolean logic-processing nucleic acid probes --- Ziks virus --- viral replication --- Aedes aegypti --- infection --- natural history --- infectious RNA --- zika virus --- chimeric viruses --- subgenomic replicon --- replication --- human brain glial cells --- microglia cells --- hepatocytes --- bacterial artificial chromosome --- detoxification and immune system responses --- testes --- dengue viruses --- Zika virus --- insecticide resistance --- NS2A protein --- plasmid toxicity --- cell surface receptors --- serology --- viral evolution --- laboratory preparedness --- flaviviruses --- Tet-inducible --- dengue virus --- diagnosis --- assay standardization --- infectious clone --- ELISA --- innate response --- congenital Zika syndrome --- secondary infections --- apoptosis --- viral survival --- ocular --- validated --- rhesus macaques --- neuroinflammation --- placenta cells --- NHP --- Zika virus (ZIKV) --- point-of-care diagnostics --- isothermal nucleic acid amplification --- microcephaly --- cytopathic effects --- indirect immunofluorescence --- fetal infection --- therapy --- siRNA --- viral counteraction --- neural cells --- silvestrol --- eIF4A
Choose an application
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne member of the Flaviviridae family that historically has been associated with mild febrile illness. However, the recent outbreaks in Brazil in 2015 and its rapid spread throughout South and Central America and the Caribbean, together with its association with severe neurological disorders—including fetal microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults—have changed the historic perspective of ZIKV. Currently, ZIKV is considered an important public health concern that has the potential to affect millions of people worldwide. The significance of ZIKV in human health and the lack of approved vaccines and/or antiviral drugs to combat ZIKV infection have triggered a global effort to develop effective countermeasures to prevent and/or treat ZIKV infection. In this Special Issue of Viruses, we have assembled a collection of 32 research and review articles that cover the more recent advances on ZIKV molecular biology, replication and transmission, virus–host interactions, pathogenesis, epidemiology, vaccine development, antivirals, and viral diagnosis.
microRNAs --- antivirals --- reverse genetics --- nucleic acid computation --- viral pathogenesis --- plaque reduction neutralization test --- clinical trials --- viral genetic variation --- viral fitness --- pregnancy --- type I IFN antagonist --- prM-E proteins --- eye --- replicon --- antiviral responses --- Bacterial artificial chromosome --- gene expression --- NS1 protein --- viral permissiveness --- ZIKV–host interactions --- reporter virus --- viral persistence --- blood-retinal barrier --- virus like particles --- emerging arbovirus --- Non-human primates --- heme-oxygenase 1 --- mosquito surveillance --- antiviral compounds --- ZIKV-associated neurologic disorders --- external quality assessment --- outbreak control --- therapeutics --- cryptic promoter silencing --- testis --- neurons --- mutagenesis --- RNA-seq --- microsphere immunoassay --- host-directed antivirals --- molecular diagnostics --- Bayesian analyses --- astrocytomas --- Full-length cDNA infectious clones --- viral pathogenicity --- neural progenitor cells --- full-length molecular clone --- antiviral --- multiplex nucleic acid detection --- Asian-lineage --- nucleic acid strand exchange --- IgA --- African-lineage --- vaccines --- Zika --- research models and tools --- immune response --- IgG avidity tests --- polymerase chain reaction --- Asian lineage --- sexual transmission --- TLR7/8 --- neuropathogenesis --- cross-reactions --- genetic variability --- mosquito --- ZIKV --- infectious cDNA --- prostate --- host genetic variation --- monoclonal antibodies --- optimised --- anti-viral immunity --- QCMD --- arbovirus --- FSS13025 --- MR766 --- NS5 --- EQA --- testicular cells --- virus attachment --- flavivirus --- mosquito-borne flavivirus --- dsRNA --- boolean logic-processing nucleic acid probes --- Ziks virus --- viral replication --- Aedes aegypti --- infection --- natural history --- infectious RNA --- zika virus --- chimeric viruses --- subgenomic replicon --- replication --- human brain glial cells --- microglia cells --- hepatocytes --- bacterial artificial chromosome --- detoxification and immune system responses --- testes --- dengue viruses --- Zika virus --- insecticide resistance --- NS2A protein --- plasmid toxicity --- cell surface receptors --- serology --- viral evolution --- laboratory preparedness --- flaviviruses --- Tet-inducible --- dengue virus --- diagnosis --- assay standardization --- infectious clone --- ELISA --- innate response --- congenital Zika syndrome --- secondary infections --- apoptosis --- viral survival --- ocular --- validated --- rhesus macaques --- neuroinflammation --- placenta cells --- NHP --- Zika virus (ZIKV) --- point-of-care diagnostics --- isothermal nucleic acid amplification --- microcephaly --- cytopathic effects --- indirect immunofluorescence --- fetal infection --- therapy --- siRNA --- viral counteraction --- neural cells --- silvestrol --- eIF4A
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