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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that infect bacteria and are believed to be the most abundant and genetically diverse organisms on Earth. As such, their ecology is vast both in quantitative and qualitative terms. Their abundance makes an understanding of phage ecology increasingly relevant to bacterial ecosystem ecology, bacterial genomics and bacterial pathology. Abedon provides the first text on phage ecology for almost 20 years. Written by leading experts, synthesizing the three key approaches to studying phage ecology, namely studying them in natural environments (in situ), experimentally in the lab, or theoretically using mathematical or computer models. With strong emphasis on microbial population biology and distilling cutting-edge research into basic principles, this book will complement other currently available volumes. It will therefore serve as an essential resource for graduate students and researchers, particularly those with an interest in phage ecology and evolutionary biology.

Bacteriophages --- Viruses --- Ecology of viruses --- Viral ecology --- Virus ecology --- Microbial ecology --- Bacteriophage --- Phages --- Lysogeny --- Transduction --- Ecology.

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This book answers the question "What is it that viruses do?" by presenting three aspects of viral ecology.The first aspect explains how viruses affect the population diversity and energetics of their host communities. Perhaps the most notable example of this concept is our understanding that primary production within ecosystems often depends upon those viruses which serve as controllers of nutrient recycling, connecting the aquatic and terrestrial realms in ways that can be assessed locally and globally.The second aspect describes genetic partnerships which exist between hosts and their viruses. These include processes termed endogeny and lysogeny by which the host carries at least a partial genomic copy of the virus. Fluidity of these collective genomes is expressed on an evolutionary time scale and the mutual life cycles which they produce represent a forging of shared genomic fate that obligates partnership of the virus and its host. The viral sequences represent a source of potential benefit as well as potential peril for the host and can implement phenotypic changes in the host. Hosts often use those changes as tools. As humans, the most notable example would be that mammals rely upon temporary activation of their endogenous viral genes in order to successfully develop a placenta.The third aspect is defending the health of a host, which relies upon activity in two directions. Hosts often use their captured viral genes to identify and subsequently direct battle against invading viruses. This natural concept has been engineered for combating cancer, is useful for suppressing the detrimental consequences of genetic diseases, and has been developed to create targeted antiviral vaccines. But, the defense has to work in two directions and the host can use other symbiotic microorganisms as protection against its viruses.This book will appeal to a wide readership by providing a broad perspective of viral ecology, and all scientists will find it helpful for gaining a view of fields beyond their specialization.

Viruses --- Ecology. --- Ecology of viruses --- Viral ecology --- Virus ecology --- Microbial ecology --- Microbiology --- Science --- Virus --- Ecologia

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Viruses in the Parvoviridae family constitute one of the most diverse and intriguing fields of research. While they all share an ssDNA genome and a small capsid, they can differ widely in structure, genome organization and expression, virus–cell interaction, and impact on the host. Exploring such diversity and unraveling the inherent complexity in these apparently simple viruses is an ongoing endeavor and commitment for the scientific community. The translational implications of research on parvoviruses are relevant. Within the family, some viruses are important human and veterinary pathogens, in need of diagnostic methods and antiviral strategies; other viruses have long been studied and engineered as tools for oncolytic therapy, or as sophisticated gene delivery vectors, and can now display their wide and expanding applicative potential. This Special Issue of Viruses collects recent contributions in the field of parvovirus research, with a focus on new insights and research on unresolved issues, as well as new approaches exploiting systemic methodologies. Evolution, structural biology, viral replication, virus–host interaction, pathogenesis and immunity, and viral oncotherapy are a selection of the topics addressed in the issue that can be of relevance to the community involved in parvovirus research and of interest to a wider audience.

antivirals --- Bombyx mori bidensovirus --- Bocaparvovirus --- human bocavirus 1 --- equine parvovirus-hepatitis --- NS2 --- NS1 --- X-ray crystallography --- BIRC3 (cIAP-2) --- glycans --- children --- antibody interactions --- new viruses --- alpaca --- cidofovir --- rodent protoparvoviruses --- clinical trials --- structural biology --- DNA virus --- human bocavirus --- caspase-3 --- viral communities --- uncoating --- PLA2 --- phospholipase-A2 --- oncolytic virus immune therapy --- Parvoviridae --- viral ecology --- Cryo-EM --- AAV --- metagenomics --- phylogeny --- oncolytic viruses --- mite --- parvovirus evolution --- Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 --- adeno-associated virus --- telbivudine --- capsid stability --- virus --- homology modeling --- human airway epithelia --- sequence analysis --- acute gastroenteritis --- bisulfite PCR --- next-generation sequencing --- single stranded DNA virus --- overlapping promoters --- virus diversity --- prognosis --- oncolytic activity --- genome --- hydroxyurea --- Lepidoptera --- genome externalization --- antiviral compounds --- circulating angiogenic cells --- tumor microenvironment --- coumarin derivatives --- nuclear targeting --- densovirus --- receptor interactions --- cell cycle arrest --- transcription profile --- brincidofovir --- canine parvovirus --- endogenous viral elements --- inflammatory cardiomyopathy --- erythroid progenitor cells --- RNA-seq --- insect --- chapparvovirus --- RT-qPCR --- trafficking --- AAV2 --- agricultural pests --- Adeno-associated virus --- myocarditis --- diagnosis --- parvovirus --- feline panleukopenia virus --- chitin --- B19V --- transcription mapping --- flavonoids --- immunomodulation --- erythrovirus --- apoptosis --- adenoviral vector --- anti-cancer --- divalent cations --- protease --- genetics --- preclinical --- arthropod --- peritrophins --- biocontrol --- dilated cardiomyopathy --- insect parvovirus --- combination therapies --- intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) --- virus phylogeny --- evolution --- second generation parvovirus treatments --- commercial horse serum --- parvovirus B19 --- canine chapparvovirus --- CpG methylation --- RACE --- H-1PV --- viral metagenomics --- horses