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Why didn't the matter in our Universe annihilate with antimatter immediately after its creation? The study of CP violation may help to answer this fundamental question. This book presents theoretical tools necessary to understand this phenomenon. Reflecting the explosion of new results over the last decade, this second edition has been substantially expanded. It introduces charge conjugation, parity and time reversal, before describing the Kobayashi-Maskawa (KM) theory for CP violation and our understanding of CP violation in kaon decays. It reveals how the discovery of B mesons has provided a new laboratory to study CP violation with KM theory predicting large asymmetries, and discusses how these predictions have been confirmed since the first edition of this book. Later chapters describe the search for a new theory of nature's fundamental dynamics. This book is suitable for researchers in high energy, atomic and nuclear physics and the history and philosophy of science.

CP violation (Nuclear physics) --- Charge conjugation parity violation --- Violation, Charge conjugation parity --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Symmetry (Physics)

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Quantum mechanics. Quantumfield theory --- Experimental nuclear and elementary particle physics --- Elementary particles --- Nuclear physics --- Programming --- elementaire deeltjes --- kwantumleer --- programmeren (informatica) --- fysica --- atoomfysica --- Higgs bosons. --- CP violation (Nuclear physics) --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Elementary particles (Physics) --- High energy physics --- Nuclear particles --- Nucleons --- Charge conjugation parity violation --- Violation, Charge conjugation parity --- Symmetry (Physics) --- Higgs particles --- Particles, Higgs --- Bosons

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CP violation is a well-established phenomenon in particle physics, but until 2001 it was only observed in kaons. In the last decade, several matter-antimatter asymmetries have been observed in neutral B mesons in line with the expectations of the Standard Model of the weak interaction.  Direct CP violation is also expected in the decay rates of charged B+ mesons versus that of B- mesons, though the greatest effects are present in a decay that occurs just twice in 10 million decays. Such rarity requires huge samples to study and this is exactly what the LHC, and its dedicated B-physics experiment LHCb provide. This thesis presents an analysis of the first two years of LHCb data. The author describes the first observation of the rare decay, B- DK-, D π-K+ and the first observation of direct CP violation in this B decay. The work constitutes essential information on the experiment’s measurement of a fundamental parameter of the theory and stands as a benchmark against which subsequent analyses of this type will be compared.

CP violation (Nuclear physics) --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Elementary particles (Physics) --- High energy physics --- Nuclear particles --- Nucleons --- Charge conjugation parity violation --- Violation, Charge conjugation parity --- Physics. --- Quantum field theory. --- String theory. --- Elementary particles (Physics). --- Elementary Particles, Quantum Field Theory. --- Quantum Field Theories, String Theory. --- Nuclear physics --- Models, String --- String theory --- Nuclear reactions --- Relativistic quantum field theory --- Field theory (Physics) --- Quantum theory --- Relativity (Physics) --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Symmetry (Physics) --- Quantum theory. --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics

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This thesis discusses two key topics: strangeness and charge symmetry violation (CSV) in the nucleon. It also provides a pedagogical introduction to chiral effective field theory tailored to the high-precision era of lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Because the nucleon has zero net strangeness, strange observables give tremendous insight into the nature of the vacuum; they can only arise through quantum fluctuations in which strange–antistrange quark pairs are generated. As a result, the precise values of these quantities within QCD are important in physics arenas as diverse as precision tests of QCD, searches for physics beyond the Standard Model, and the interpretation of dark matter direct-detection experiments. Similarly, the precise knowledge of CSV observables has, with increasing experimental precision, become essential to the interpretation of many searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. In this thesis, the numerical lattice gauge theory approach to QCD is combined with the chiral perturbation theory formalism to determine strange and CSV quantities in a diverse range of observables including the octet baryon masses, sigma terms, electromagnetic form factors, and parton distribution functions. This thesis builds a comprehensive and coherent picture of the current status of understanding of strangeness and charge symmetry violation in the nucleon.

Physics. --- Elementary particles (Physics). --- Quantum field theory. --- Elementary Particles, Quantum Field Theory. --- Mathematical Methods in Physics. --- Strange particles. --- CP violation (Nuclear physics) --- Quantum chromodynamics. --- Chromodynamics, Quantum --- QCD (Nuclear physics) --- Charge conjugation parity violation --- Violation, Charge conjugation parity --- Strangeness (Nuclear physics) --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Quantum electrodynamics --- Symmetry (Physics) --- Quantum theory. --- Mathematical physics. --- Physical mathematics --- Physics --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Mathematics --- Relativistic quantum field theory --- Field theory (Physics) --- Quantum theory --- Relativity (Physics) --- Elementary particles (Physics) --- High energy physics --- Nuclear particles --- Nucleons --- Nuclear physics --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics

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This thesis describes a high-quality, high-precision method for the data analysis of an interesting elementary particle reaction. The data was collected at the Japanese B-meson factory KEKB with the Belle detector, one of the most successful large-scale experiments worldwide. CP violation is a subtle quantum effect that makes the world look different when simultaneously left and right and matter and antimatter are exchanged. This being a prerequisite for our own world to have developed from the big bang, there are only a few experimental indications of such effects, and their detection requires very intricate techniques. The discovery of CP violation in B meson decays garnered Kobayashi and Maskawa, who had predicted these findings as early as 1973, the 2008 Nobel prize in physics. This thesis describes in great detail what are by far the best measurements of branching ratios and CP violation parameters in two special reactions with two charm mesons in the final state. It presents an in-depth but accessible overview of the theory, phenomenology, experimental setup, data collection, Monte Carlo simulations, (blind) statistical data analysis, and systematic uncertainty studies.

CP violation (Nuclear physics) --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Elementary particles (Physics) --- High energy physics --- Nuclear particles --- Nucleons --- Charge conjugation parity violation --- Violation, Charge conjugation parity --- B mesons -- Decay. --- Beta decay. --- CP violation (Nuclear physics). --- Physics. --- Elementary particles (Physics). --- Quantum field theory. --- Physical measurements. --- Measurement. --- Elementary Particles, Quantum Field Theory. --- Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Nuclear physics --- Symmetry (Physics) --- Quantum theory. --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Mathematical physics. --- Measurement   . --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Measurement --- Physical mathematics --- Relativistic quantum field theory --- Field theory (Physics) --- Quantum theory --- Relativity (Physics)