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English literature --- History and criticism --- Victorian Studies Association of Western Canada --- Victorian Studies Association of Western Canada. --- 1800-1899 --- Great Britain --- Great Britain. --- Civilization

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English literature --- English literature. --- 1800-1899 --- Great Britain --- Great Britain. --- History --- neo-victorianism --- neo-victorian studies --- film and media --- heritage studies --- steampunk --- cultural studies

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"Starting in the 1850s achievement tests became standardized in the British Isles, and were administered on an industrial scale. By the end of the century, over two million people had written mass exams, particularly in science, technology, and mathematics. Some candidates responded to this standardization by cramming or cheating; others embraced the hope that such tests rewarded not only knowledge, but also merit. Written with humour, Making a Grade looks at how standardized testing practises quietly appeared, and then spread worldwide. This book situates mass exams, marks, and credentials in an emerging paper-based meritocracy, arguing that such exams often appeared first as "cameras" to neutrally record achievement, then became "engines" to change education as people tailored their behaviour to fit these tests. Taking the perspective of both examiners and examinees, Making a Grade claims that our own culture's desire for accountability through objective testing is not a new one."--

Education --- Educational tests and measurements --- Examinations --- Standards --- History --- Great Britain. --- Victorian studies. --- accountability. --- behaviour. --- cheating. --- cramming. --- credentials. --- history of education. --- history of science behavior. --- infrastructure. --- metrics. --- objectivity. --- science education. --- standardized testing. --- statistics.

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Victorian Review: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Victorian Studies publishes articles in all areas of Victorian studies. Founded in 1972 as the Newsletter of the Victorian Studies Association of Western Canada, it became a refereed peer-reviewed academic journal in 1989. Its current mandate is to publish the best international research in this interdisciplinary field, as well as to provide critical reviews of new books in Victorian studies by experts from around the world. Finally, our regular Victorian Review forum provides a unique venue in which diverse scholarly voices may address a topic from multiple points of view. The journal is published twice annually by the Victorian Studies Association of Western Canada.

English literature --- Civilization. --- English literature. --- Barbarism --- Civilisation --- History and criticism --- 1800-1899 --- Great Britain --- Great Britain. --- Anglia --- Angliyah --- Briṭanyah --- Grande-Bretagne --- Grossbritannien --- Marea Britanie --- Nagy-Britannia --- Prydain Fawr --- Royaume-Uni --- Saharātchaʻānāčhak --- Storbritannien --- United Kingdom --- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland --- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland --- Velikobritanii︠a︡ --- Wielka Brytania --- Civilization --- British literature --- Inklings (Group of writers) --- Nonsense Club (Group of writers) --- Order of the Fancy (Group of writers) --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Culture --- Northern Ireland --- Scotland --- Wales --- England and Wales --- Velikobritanii͡ --- Förenade kungariket --- Grã-Bretanha --- Igirisu --- Iso-Britannia --- Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta --- Victorian Studies Association of Western Canada --- Přiodiques. --- Arts and Humanities --- Literature

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This book explores the life of Henry Dresser (1838–1915), one of the most productive British ornithologists of the mid-late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and is largely based on previously unpublished archival material. Dresser travelled widely and spent time in Texas during the American Civil War. He built enormous collections of skins and eggs of birds from Europe, North America and Asia, which formed the basis of over 100 publications, including some of the finest bird books of the late nineteenth century. Dresser was a leading figure in scientific society and in the early bird conservation movement; his correspondence and diaries reveal the inner workings, motivations, personal relationships and rivalries that existed among the leading ornithologists.

Ornithology. --- Ornithologists. --- Birds --- Birds. --- SCIENCE --- Ornithology --- Ornithologists --- Naturalists --- Zoologists --- Avian biology --- Zoology --- Aves --- Avian fauna --- Avifauna --- Wild birds --- Amniotes --- Vertebrates --- Natural science --- Natural sciences --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Collection and preservation. --- Life Sciences --- General. --- Nomenclature. --- Classification. --- History --- Dresser, H. E. --- 1800-1899 --- Great Britain. --- Europe. --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Dresser, Henry Eeles --- Dresser, Henry Eeles, --- Anglia --- Angliyah --- Briṭanyah --- England and Wales --- Förenade kungariket --- Grã-Bretanha --- Grande-Bretagne --- Grossbritannien --- Igirisu --- Iso-Britannia --- Marea Britanie --- Nagy-Britannia --- Prydain Fawr --- Royaume-Uni --- Saharātchaʻānāčhak --- Storbritannien --- United Kingdom --- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland --- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland --- Velikobritanii͡ --- Wielka Brytania --- Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta --- Northern Ireland --- Scotland --- Wales --- American Civil War. --- English ornithologists. --- Henry Dresser. --- History of the Birds of Europe. --- Museum studies. --- Richard Sharpe. --- Scientific societies. --- Victorian ornithology. --- Victorian studies. --- Zoological Society of London. --- bird collecting. --- bird specimens. --- birds. --- cabinet collecting. --- environmental geography. --- exploration. --- field collecting. --- history of science. --- natural history. --- ornithology.