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The fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) represent one of the relatively few families of extracellular signalling peptides that have been shown in recent decades to be key regulators of metazoan development. FGFs are required for multiple processes in both protostome and deuterostome groups. Given the wide range of regulatory roles attributed to the FGFs, it is perhaps not surprising that misregulation of this signalling pathway has been implicated in a number of human disease conditions. The focus of the present review is to look at the fundamental components of the FGF pathway and illustrate how this highly conserved regulatory cassette has been deployed to regulate multiple, diverse processes during vertebrate development. This review will explore examples from several vertebrate model organisms and include discussions of the role of FGF signalling in regulating the establishment of the mesoderm, neural patterning, morphogenesis, myogenesis, limb development, and the establishment of right-left asymmetry.
Fibroblast growth factors. --- Vertebrates -- Development. --- Vertebrates -- Growth & development. --- Fibroblast Growth Factors --- Chordata --- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins --- Animals --- Biological Factors --- Proteins --- Eukaryota --- Peptides --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Organisms --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 --- Vertebrates --- Zoology --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Animal Biochemistry --- Animal Anatomy & Embryology --- Growth factors. --- Growth. --- Fibroblast Growth Factors. --- growth & development. --- Fibroblast growth factor --- Mesoderm --- Neurectoderm --- Xenopus --- Organogenesis --- Somites --- Limb --- MyoD --- Somitogenesis --- Morphogenesis --- Left-right asymmetry --- MAPK --- Sprouty --- ERK --- Map kinase phosphatase --- Signal transduction
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The evolution of the neural crest sheds light on many of the oldest unanswered questions in developmental biology, including the role of germ layers in early embryogenesis, the development of the nervous system, how the vertebrate head arose developmentally and evolutionarily, and how growth factors and Hox genes direct cell differentiation and embryonic patterning. In this new edition of his essential work, The Neural Crest in Development and Evolution, Brian Hall has provided an up-to-date technically and intellectually rigorous synthesis of knowledge of all aspects of the neural crest and of neural crest cells (NCCs). These ten chapters are organized into three parts: (I) The discovery, and developmental and evolutionary origins of the neural crest; (II) cellular and tissue derivatives of the neural crest; (III) and tumors and birth defects arising from abnormal NCCs. The genetic and cellular bases for the identification of NCCs as early as during gastrulation, for induction of the neural crest, NCC delamination, migration and differentiation — understanding of all of which has increased enormously over the past decade — are discussed in depth in Part I. The evolutionary origin(s) of the neural crest is examined through an analysis of fossils, and of cell types, genes and gene networks in extant cephalochordates (amphioxus) and in ascidians. Four chapters grouped as Part II examine all aspects of neural crest-derived pigment cells, neurons, skeletal, cardiac and tooth-forming cells, with emphasis on how and when subpopulations of NCCs are specified and how their differentiation is controlled. The two chapters in Part III revisit NCC development in the context of tumors (neurocristopathies) and birth defects, with emphasis on genetic pathways, regulation of cell populations, and whether NCCs can be considered to be stem cells. About the Author: About the Author: Dr. Brian K. Hall has devoted much of his career to the study of the evolution and development of neural crest-derived skeletal tissues. He is a University Research Professor Emeritus at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Canada, a Visiting Distinguished Professor at Arizona State University in Tempe, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, and a foreign fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. .
Neural Crest --embryology. --- Vertebrates --anatomy & histology. --- Vertebrates --Development. --- Vertebrates --Evolution. --- Neural crest --- Developmental neurobiology --- Neural Crest --- Crest, Neural --- Ganglionic crest --- Ganglionic ridge --- Life sciences. --- Human genetics. --- Cell biology. --- Developmental biology. --- Evolutionary biology. --- Neurobiology. --- Anthropology. --- Life Sciences. --- Developmental Biology. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Cell Biology. --- Human Genetics. --- Neural crest. --- Development (Biology) --- Biology --- Growth --- Ontogeny --- Embryology --- Nervous system --- Evolution (Biology). --- Cytology. --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Human beings --- Genetics --- Heredity, Human --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Neurosciences --- Primitive societies --- Social sciences
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