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Composé vers 1210 par Guillaume, un clerc laïc originaire de Normandie et habitant l’Angleterre, le Bestiaire divin est la traduction versifiée du texte de la première famille du Bestiaire latin augmenté de sermons empruntés à d’autres sources et de développements de l’auteur. Il comprend généralement trente-neuf chapitres précédés d’une préface et d’un prologue. Chaque chapitre est consacré à un animal dont les caractéristiques sont décrites puis interprétées comme autant d’allégories morales et mystiques. Les manuscrits du Bestiaire sont souvent accompagnés des représentations des animaux dont ils traitent. Ces enluminures jouent un rôle important en éclairant le sens de ces ouvrages, comme supports iconographiques permettant de dépasser l’apparence des animaux, leur sens littéral, pour en saisir la dimension allégorique. Dédié à un seigneur laïc, le Bestiaire divin témoigne du passage d’un texte relevant initialement d’une littérature didactique destinée aux écoles monastiques et capitulaires, dans la sphère de la littérature courtoise d’édification. Par sa traduction vernaculaire, le Bestiaire, initialement conçu pour faciliter l’exégèse biblique, devient un ouvrage d’édification morale à vocation parénétique accessible à un lectorat laïc. Le Bestiaire divin nous a été transmis par vingt-cinq témoins, dont la moitié sont enluminés mais le manuscrit de Paris, BnF, français 14969, enluminé dans le sud de l’Angleterre vers 1265-1270, est un des rares qui comprend l’illustration des interprétations allégoriques des animaux.

Bestiaries --- Animals in art --- Animals in literature. --- Illumination of books and manuscripts, Medieval --- Illustrations --- Guillaume, --- 091.31 <44> --- 091.31 "12" --- 091:59 --- 091:59 Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi-:-Zoologie. Dierkunde --- Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi-:-Zoologie. Dierkunde --- 091.31 "12" Verluchte handschriften--13e eeuw. Periode 1200-1299 --- Verluchte handschriften--13e eeuw. Periode 1200-1299 --- 091.31 <44> Verluchte handschriften--Frankrijk --- Verluchte handschriften--Frankrijk

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Illumination of books and manuscripts, French. --- Illumination of books and manuscripts, Gothic --- Psalters --- 091 <44> --- 091.31 <44> --- 091.31 "12" --- Illumination of books and manuscripts, French --- -Psalters --- -Liturgies --- Gothic illumination of books and manuscripts --- French illumination of books and manuscripts --- Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi--Frankrijk --- Verluchte handschriften--Frankrijk --- Verluchte handschriften--13e eeuw. Periode 1200-1299 --- -Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi--Frankrijk --- 091.31 "12" Verluchte handschriften--13e eeuw. Periode 1200-1299 --- 091.31 <44> Verluchte handschriften--Frankrijk --- 091 <44> Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi--Frankrijk --- -French illumination of books and manuscripts --- Liturgies

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Illumination of books and manuscripts, Medieval --- Illumination of books and manuscripts --- Miniature painting, German --- 091.31 "12" --- 091.31 <43> --- 091 <43> --- 091 <45 CIVIDALE DEL FRIULI> --- 091.31 "12" Verluchte handschriften--13e eeuw. Periode 1200-1299 --- Verluchte handschriften--13e eeuw. Periode 1200-1299 --- 091 <45 CIVIDALE DEL FRIULI> Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi--Italië--CIVIDALE DEL FRIULI --- Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi--Italië--CIVIDALE DEL FRIULI --- 091.31 <43> Verluchte handschriften--Duitsland voor 1945 en na 1989 --- Verluchte handschriften--Duitsland voor 1945 en na 1989 --- 091 <43> Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi--Duitsland voor 1945 en na 1989 --- Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi--Duitsland voor 1945 en na 1989 --- German miniature painting --- Illuminated manuscripts --- Manuscripts --- Manuscripts, Illuminated --- Miniatures (Illumination of books and manuscripts) --- Ornamental alphabets --- Illustration of books --- Alphabets --- Initials --- Paleography --- Scriptoria --- Painting, Medieval --- Museo archeologico nazionale di Cividale del Friuli. --- Cividale del Friuli (Italy). --- Cividale del Friuli, Italy. --- Museo archeologico, archivio e biblioteca (Cividale del Friuli, Italy) --- Museo archeologico nazionale (Cividale del Friuli, Italy) --- Archeologický múzeum v Cividale --- Archäologisches Museum in Cividale --- Archaeological Museum in Cividale --- Národný archeologický múzeum v Cividale --- Museo archeologico nazionale di Cividale --- Regio museo archeologico (Cividale del Friuli, Italy) --- Elisabethpsalter. --- Book history --- anno 1200-1299 --- Germany

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"Superbly produced in 1293, the Supplicationes variae is an intricately orchestrated compendium of spiritual texts and images. Exceptional in its Genoese origin, uniquely sophisticated in its balance of north European, north Italian, and Byzantine imagery, and deeply serious in its Franciscan content, it is a work of devotional, intellectual, and visual intensity. Amy Neff has synthesized years of study on it in a book of exceptional depth and beauty, fully equal to its challenging subject. Known for her work on art and spirituality, deeply knowledgeable about Franciscan thought, and unparalleled in her grasp of the relation of Byzantine and western medieval art, she has produced a major work of scholarly and spiritual insight. Exposing through words the depth of the images, she demonstrates at the same time that 'in this Franciscan book the highest level of prayer consists in contemplating pictures.' The volume is beautifully produced, with 94 excellent colour reproductions of the manuscript's illuminated pages and 150 comparanda." -- Annemarie Weyl Carr, Southern Methodist University "Amy Neff shows how the diverse contents of the Supplicationes variae, a medieval anthology of texts and images, work together (although often in different ways) to present a record of the devotional, theological, and spiritual concerns of one late thirteenth-century Italian. Neff's long-awaited book is an exemplary study of a remarkable manuscript, and a path by which to comprehend it, but it is also far more. Entering through the gateway of the Supplicationes variae the reader is introduced to many key issues in the contextualised understanding of art of the period, especially -- but by no means exclusively -- Italian and Franciscan-related works. The multiple meanings in an image are expounded, supported by deep knowledge of relevant texts and by visual analysis of great sensitivity; it is rare to find both skills in a single writer, and makes this beautiful volume a major contribution to research in the field." -- Joanna Cannon, Courtauld Institute of Art

Art and religion --- Franciscan art --- Art, Byzantine --- Devotional literature, Italian --- Manuscripts, Medieval --- Art and religion. --- Art, Byzantine. --- Devotional literature, Italian. --- Franciscan art. --- Illumination of books and manuscripts, Italian. --- Liturgics. --- Manuscripts, Medieval. --- History --- History and criticism. --- Illumination of books and manuscripts, Italian --- History and criticism --- Biblioteca medicea laurenziana. --- Franciscans --- Manuscripts. --- Liturgy --- 091 <45 FIRENZE> --- 091 "12" --- 091.31 "12" --- 091:271 --- 271.3-7 "12" --- 271.3-7 "12" Franciskaanse liturgie en spiritualiteit--?"12" --- Franciskaanse liturgie en spiritualiteit--?"12" --- Medieval manuscripts --- Manuscripts --- Italian devotional literature --- Italian literature --- Byzantine art --- Art, Medieval --- Christian art and symbolism --- Art, Franciscan --- Art --- Arts in the church --- Religion and art --- Religion --- Italian illumination of books and manuscripts --- 091:271 Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi-:-Kloosterwezen. Religieuze orden en congregaties. Monachisme --- Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi-:-Kloosterwezen. Religieuze orden en congregaties. Monachisme --- 091.31 "12" Verluchte handschriften--13e eeuw. Periode 1200-1299 --- Verluchte handschriften--13e eeuw. Periode 1200-1299 --- 091 "12" Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi--13e eeuw. Periode 1200-1299 --- Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi--13e eeuw. Periode 1200-1299 --- 091 <45 FIRENZE> Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi--Italië--FIRENZE --- Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi--Italië--FIRENZE --- Religious aspects --- Alcantarines --- Bernardyni --- Cordeliers --- Discalced Friars Minor --- Família Franciscana --- Frades Menores --- Frailes Menores --- Franciscains --- Franciscains mineurs --- Franciscan Discalceati --- Franciscan Order --- Franciscan Reformati --- Franciszkanie --- Frant︠s︡iskanskiĭ orden --- Frant︠s︡iskant︠s︡y --- Frati minori --- Fratres minores --- Frères mineurs --- Friars, Gray --- Friars Minor --- Gråbrøderne --- Gray Friars --- Grey Friars --- Mala braća --- Minderbrüder --- Minoriten --- Minorites --- O.F.M. --- Observants --- OFM --- Ojcowie Franciszkanie --- Ordem dos Frades Menores --- Ordem dos Franciscanos --- Ordem Franciscana --- Orden de Frailes Menores --- Orden de los Frailes Menores --- Orden Franciscana --- Orden sv. Frant︠s︡iska --- Order of Friars Minor --- Ordine dei Frati Minori --- Ordine dei minori --- Ordre des frères franciscains mineurs --- Ordo Fratrum Minorum --- Reformati --- Reformed Franciscans --- Seraphic Order --- Capuchins --- Conventuals --- Franciscan Recollects --- Liturgy. --- Illumination of books and manuscripts, Italian - Italy - Genoa --- Art and religion - Italy - Genoa - History - To 1500 --- Franciscan art - Italy - Genoa --- Art, Byzantine - Italy - Genoa --- Devotional literature, Italian - History and criticism --- Manuscripts, Medieval - Italy - Genoa