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Rivaroxaban (Xarelto®) is a drug developed by the company Bayer. It has received his marketing authorization in September 2008 and was first used for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after total hip or knee arthroplasty. It has got many other indications since that time, including the prevention of stroke or systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation, the treatment of acute deep vein thrombosis and acute pulmonary embolism, the prevention of recurrent deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, and for patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome. Rivaroxaban is a small molecule that plays a central role in the coagulation pathway by inhibiting directly and selectively factor Xa. lt has a short half-live and a quick onset of action. The discovery of rivaroxaban and other direct oral anticoagulants has been a real revolution in the field of anticoagulation. Thanks to his oral intake, fewer interactions, and fewer secondary effects, Xarelto® is easier to use than vitamin K antagonists. There is no need for routine monitoring. However, some techniques exist for patients who need it after ail. Unfortunately, there is no antidote available at this time, and we must stay careful using this medicine because it is used since only a few years. Le rivaroxaban (Xarelto®) est un médicament commercialisé par la firme Bayer, qui a reçu son autorisation de mise sur le marché le 30 septembre 2008. Il a d'abord été indiqué en prévention d'évènements thromboemboliques chez des patients bénéficiant d'une chirurgie de hanche ou de genou. Plusieurs autres indications lui ont été attribuées depuis : la prévention d'évènements artériels chez des patients en fibrillation auriculaire, le traitement et la prévention de thromboses veineuses profondes et d'embolies pulmonaires, et dernièrement la prévention secondaire après un syndrome coronarien aigu. Le rivaroxaban est un inhibiteur oral, direct, sélectif et réversible du facteur Xa, une protéase à sérine qui joue un rôle central dans la cascade de coagulation. Il possède une demi-vie relativement courte et son délai d'action est rapide. Sa découverte ainsi que celle des autres composés de la même classe pharmacologique fut une réelle avancée dans le domaine de l 'anticoagulation. Il possède une plus grande facilité d'usage que les antivitamines K, et des effets indésirables moindres bien que parfois importants. Un autre avantage que possède le Xarelto® est le suivi moins contraignant des patients traités. Des tests existent afin de réaliser un dosage sanguin chez les patients qui en ont besoin. Malheureusement, on peut déplorer qu'aucun antidote ne soit actuellement disponible. De plus, il convient de rester attentif aux patients utilisant ce médicament car on ne dispose encore que de peu de recul.

rivaroxaban --- Venous Thromboembolism

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Oral contraception was a revolution for women, who became able to control their fertility. These contraceptives have been shown to be safe and effective bringing out many benefits. They combine an estrogen which is usually ethinyl estradiol to a progestin. The benefits include prevention of ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer and reduction of endometrial cancer. However, these products are responsible of modification of the haemostasis and lipid profile, carbohydrate metabolism or blood pressure which are source of venous and arterial thrombosis. These risks are influenced by estrogen and the type of progestogen employed. In order to provide women optimal oral contraceptives, new contraceptives combining a low dose of estrogen and progestin variety are regularly put on the market. By this herein, we evaluated the performance of different risk of venous and arterial thromboembolic events related to the use of different hormonal combinations available on the market. La contraception orale a été une révolution pour les femmes qui ont pu contrôler leur fécondité. Ces contraceptifs se sont révélés être une méthode contraceptive sûre et efficace apportant de nombreux bénéfices. Ils combinent un œstrogène qui est généralement l'éthinylestradiol à un progestatif. Parmi les avantages on retrouve une prévention du cancer de l'ovaire, du cancer colorectal et une réduction du cancer de l'endomètre. Cependant, ces contraceptifs sont responsables de modification de l'hémostase ainsi que du profil lipidique, du métabolisme des glucides ou encore de la pression artérielle étant à l'origine de thromboses veineuses et artérielles. Ces risques sont influencés par la dose d'œstrogène et le type de progestatif. Afin de faire bénéficier les femmes d'une contraception orale optimale, de nouveaux contraceptifs alliant une faible dose d'œstrogènes et divers progestatifs sont régulièrement mis sur le marché. Par ce présent mémoire, nous avons évalué l'évolution des différents risques d'accidents thromboemboliques veineux et artériels liés à la prise de diverses combinaisons oestroprogestatifs proposées sur le marché.

Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic --- Venous Thromboembolism

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Venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurs less often in children than adults and therefore remains underrecognized despite increasing in incidence. Due to the risk of mortality, short- and long-term morbidity, and increased healthcare costs associated with pediatric VTE, this entity merits better understanding and consideration. With this Research Topic, we aim to highlight some special considerations of pediatric VTE, namely risk factors and epidemiology, rare types of pediatric thrombosis and considerations unique to specific clinical patient subgroups, approaches to management and treatment, and prevention

Pediatrics --- Venous Thromboembolism --- Treatment --- Management --- Thrombosis --- Epidemiology --- Risk factors --- prevention

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Venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurs less often in children than adults and therefore remains underrecognized despite increasing in incidence. Due to the risk of mortality, short- and long-term morbidity, and increased healthcare costs associated with pediatric VTE, this entity merits better understanding and consideration. With this Research Topic, we aim to highlight some special considerations of pediatric VTE, namely risk factors and epidemiology, rare types of pediatric thrombosis and considerations unique to specific clinical patient subgroups, approaches to management and treatment, and prevention

Pediatrics --- Venous Thromboembolism --- Treatment --- Management --- Thrombosis --- Epidemiology --- Risk factors --- prevention --- Pediatrics --- Venous Thromboembolism --- Treatment --- Management --- Thrombosis --- Epidemiology --- Risk factors --- prevention

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Thromboembolism --- Human chromosome abnormalities --- Venous Thromboembolism. --- Factor V --- Genetic Testing. --- Predictive Value of Tests. --- Diagnosis --- genetics.