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Aspects cellulaires de la toxicité du valproate

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Abstract

Notre étude a contribué à mettre en évidence les effets d’un traitement chronique au valproate au niveau de différentes structures et composants subcellulaires de foie et de rein. Cet agent antiépoleptique hépatotoxique, qui a été incriminé dans la survenue d’accidents mortels, induit des perturbations métaboliques multiples. Une des plus importantes d’entre elles, déjà rapportée par de nombreux auteurs, est probablement l’inhibition de la β-oxydation mitochondriale. Diverses conséquences découlent de ce blocage. Tout d’abord, la production d’ATP par l’hépatocyte doit provenir en plus grande proportion d’autres voies, comme le cycle de Krebs. Nous avons montré que certaines enzymes de ce cycle étaient stimules par le valproate. L’important flux d’acides gras vers le foie doit trouver d’autres débouchés. Une partie d’entre eux reformera des triglycérides, qui, s’ils ne sont pas réexportés sous forme de VLDL, contribueront à la stéatose hépatique. On peut aussi imaginer que les voies alternatives du catabolisme des acides gras vont être stimulées. Il existe essentiellement deux voies métaboliques alternes : les acides gras peuvent subir la β-oxydation peroxysomiale, qui formera des acides gras à chaîne moyenne. Ils peuvent également être substrats de l’oméga-oxydation dont la première étape se fait au niveau du réticulum endoplasmique et nécessite le cytochrome P-450. les produits oméga, oméga-1 et oméga-2 hydroxylés pouvant, après oxydation en acides dicarboxyliques, être à leur tour substrats de la β-oxydation peroxysomiale.
Nous avons montré qu’un traitement au valproate avait un effet sur ces deux voies : non seulement il induit une prolifération peroxysomiale, mais encore il stimuler l’activité d’enzymes impliquées dans cette β-oxydation. En outre, nous avons suffisamment souligné son effet sur les cytochromes P-450 et b5, deux hémoprotéines impliquées dans l’oméga-oxydation des acides gras.
Ces premiers résultats nous ont permis d’entrevoir l’existence d’un lien entre les nombreuses perturbations biochimiques occasionnées par cet agent antiépileptique. Une analyse plus fouillée et des expériences complémentaires nous permettront sans doute de mieux comprendre les mécanismes responsables des manifestations toxiques observées. Nous pensons en premier lieu à des études enzymatiques sur préparation enrichies en organites intracellulaires et à une analyse chromatographique des acides gras microsomiaux. L’étude des mitochondries isolées permettrait de mieux préciser les effets sur les enzymes du cycle de Krebs et de la chaîne des phosphorylations oxydatives. Elle permettrait également de mesurer l’utilisation de substrats par ces organites, soit grâce à l’oxydation de ferricyanure de potassium, selon la technique d’Osmundsen & Bremer (1977). L(étude pourrait aussi porter sur une fraction enrichie en peroxysomes dans laquelle l’utilisation des acides gras, des oméga-hydroxyacides et des acides dicarboxyliques serait mesurée. L’étude d’une fraction enrichie en peroxysomes dans laquelle l’utilisation des acides gras, des oméga-hydroxyacides et des acides dicarboxyliques serait mesurée. L’étude d’une fraction enrichie en microsomes immobilisés soumis à un flux de substrats pourrait révéler l’importance métabolique de ce compartiment subcellulaire.
Une meilleure compréhension de l’effet du valproate sur l’oméga-oxydation s’avère indispensable : ce sujet est neuf et d’un intérêt tout particulier puisqu’on a montré que c’est par cette voie que sont produits les métabolites stéatogènes (Rettie et al., 1987).

Keywords

Valproic Acid


Book
Valproate, acide valproique (Dépakine, Convulex, Valproate) : tératogénicité, prêcher le vrai du faux : bilan de cette molécule en 2018
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2018 Publisher: Bruxelles: UCL. Faculté de pharmacie et des sciences biomédicales,

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L’antiépileptique commercialisé par Sonafi sous le nom de VPA provoque de graves malformations ainsi que des troubles neuro-comportements chez les enfants exposés durant la grossesse. Pourtant ses effets délétères sont connus depuis longtemps. Mais il a fallu 40 ans pour encadrer sa prescription. Une lutte a été entamée entre le monde scientifique et les médias qui ont eu le mérite d’attirer l’attention sur cette problématique. Afin d’élargir les données sur les malformations, il est important d’inscrire ces grossesses sur un registre spécial, ceci aura pour but d’assurer un suivi à long terme des enfants et une meilleure standardisation des malformations rapportées. Suite à cette médiatisation, la tératogénicité du VPA a été prouvée ainsi qu’un certain nombre de recommandations ont été émises pour éviter l’exposition in utero au VPA telles que la mise en place des pictogrammes sur les boîtes de dépakine, et une évolution des RCP de 1986 à 2018. The antiepileptic medicine marketed by Sanofi under the name of VPA causes serious malformations as well as neurbehavorial disorders in children exposed during pregnancy. Yet prescription. A struggle has been started between the scientific world and the media, which have had the merit of drawing attention to this problem. In order to expand the data on malformations, it is important to include these pregnancies in a special register; this will aim to ensure a long-term follow-up of the children and a better standardization of reported malformations. Following this mediatization, the teratogenicity of VPA has been proven, as well as a number of recommendations have been issued such as the introduction of pictograms on depakine boxes, and an evolution of CPR from 1986 to 2018.


Dissertation
Automated precolumn derivatization procedures in HPLC for biomedical and clinical applications
Authors: ---
Year: 1992 Publisher: S.l. s.n.

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Book
Valproic acid
Author:
ISBN: 1624179533 9781624179532 9781624179525 1624179525 Year: 2013 Publisher: New York

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Book
Anticonvulsants in mood disorders
Authors: ---
ISBN: 0824792602 Year: 1994 Volume: 2 Publisher: New York Basel Hong Kong Dekker


Dissertation
Teratogenesis in maternal epilepsy : new aspects of prevention
Authors: ---
Year: 1985 Publisher: S.l. s.n.

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Book
Synthesis of Flavonoids or Other Nature-Inspired Small Molecules
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Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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This Special Issue aims to provide an updated overview of the flourishing ongoing research activity in the field of the chemistry of natural and nature-inspired compounds. Ten of the submitted articles were accepted for publication after peer-review. Interestingly, the published papers cover a wide range of chemical reactions, different scaffolds, and several medicinal chemistry applications. Moreover, this Special Issue gathered contributions from all over the world, testifying the international scientific community’s interest in this topic. I would like to sincerely thank the MDPI staff, particularly Jade Lu and the editorial team of Molbank. I am particularly grateful to the authors that decided to share the results of their research by contributing their manuscript to this Special Issue, and, of course, to the reviewers for their valuable help.

Keywords

Research & information: general --- quercetin --- flavonoids --- semi-synthetic --- PDE --- sildenafil --- molecular modeling --- Garcinia porrecta --- Clusiaceae --- xanthone --- Lansium domesticum --- Meliaceae --- MCF-7 --- triterpene onoceranoid --- hydrazone --- (+)-camphor --- valproic acid --- technology --- terpenoid --- anticonvulsant activity --- 1,2,3-triazole --- anticancer --- aminoquinoline --- hybrid compound --- kokosanolide --- tetranortriterpenoid --- C. dichotoma --- antidiabetic --- α-glucosidase --- α-amylase --- docking --- ADMET --- curcumin analog --- organic synthesis --- photophysical properties --- steady-state fluorescence --- DFT calculation --- 7-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one --- O-acylation reaction --- coumarin --- lupeol derivative --- benzylidene derivative --- α-glucosidase inhibition --- Oxone® --- quercetin --- flavonoids --- semi-synthetic --- PDE --- sildenafil --- molecular modeling --- Garcinia porrecta --- Clusiaceae --- xanthone --- Lansium domesticum --- Meliaceae --- MCF-7 --- triterpene onoceranoid --- hydrazone --- (+)-camphor --- valproic acid --- technology --- terpenoid --- anticonvulsant activity --- 1,2,3-triazole --- anticancer --- aminoquinoline --- hybrid compound --- kokosanolide --- tetranortriterpenoid --- C. dichotoma --- antidiabetic --- α-glucosidase --- α-amylase --- docking --- ADMET --- curcumin analog --- organic synthesis --- photophysical properties --- steady-state fluorescence --- DFT calculation --- 7-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one --- O-acylation reaction --- coumarin --- lupeol derivative --- benzylidene derivative --- α-glucosidase inhibition --- Oxone®


Book
Synthesis of Flavonoids or Other Nature-Inspired Small Molecules
Author:
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

This Special Issue aims to provide an updated overview of the flourishing ongoing research activity in the field of the chemistry of natural and nature-inspired compounds. Ten of the submitted articles were accepted for publication after peer-review. Interestingly, the published papers cover a wide range of chemical reactions, different scaffolds, and several medicinal chemistry applications. Moreover, this Special Issue gathered contributions from all over the world, testifying the international scientific community’s interest in this topic. I would like to sincerely thank the MDPI staff, particularly Jade Lu and the editorial team of Molbank. I am particularly grateful to the authors that decided to share the results of their research by contributing their manuscript to this Special Issue, and, of course, to the reviewers for their valuable help.


Book
Synthesis of Flavonoids or Other Nature-Inspired Small Molecules
Author:
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

This Special Issue aims to provide an updated overview of the flourishing ongoing research activity in the field of the chemistry of natural and nature-inspired compounds. Ten of the submitted articles were accepted for publication after peer-review. Interestingly, the published papers cover a wide range of chemical reactions, different scaffolds, and several medicinal chemistry applications. Moreover, this Special Issue gathered contributions from all over the world, testifying the international scientific community’s interest in this topic. I would like to sincerely thank the MDPI staff, particularly Jade Lu and the editorial team of Molbank. I am particularly grateful to the authors that decided to share the results of their research by contributing their manuscript to this Special Issue, and, of course, to the reviewers for their valuable help.


Book
Developmental Exposure to Environmental Contaminants
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 3036558853 3036558861 Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Development provides an especially sensitive window whereby environmental contaminants can have significant and lasting effects on the morphology and function of many organs and systems. The importance of understanding developmental effects of environmental contaminants extends not only to developmental stages, but also to encompass the hypotheses of the developmental or fetal origins of adult disease. Such effects of environmental contaminants during development extend to health outcomes that can persist in adulthood, first become apparent in adulthood, or manifest in adulthood but only after a second hit/stressor. The diverse nature of possible environmental contaminants, ranging from persistent organic pollutants to emerging contaminants of concern, along with the diverse range of health implications, including autism, diabetes, cancer, infertility, and lower urinary tract function, make understanding developmental effects of environmental contaminants an ever growing and important field of study.This Special Issue aims to explore a variety of topics in line with the aims and scope of Toxics. Specifically, topics related to the developmental effects of environmental contaminants and/or their metabolites on the molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system or organism, including mechanisms of toxicity, metabolism, risk assessment and management, as well as multiple stressor impacts in the context of aging or disease progression following developmental exposures.

Keywords

Medicine --- Medical toxicology --- arsenic --- synaptic transmission --- long-term potentiation --- hippocampus --- development --- lower urinary tract --- bladder --- inflammation --- POPs --- developmental basis of adult disease --- multigenerational --- toxicants --- bronchopulmonary dysplasia --- therapeutics --- lung development --- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor --- perinatal mortality --- neonatal morbidity --- fluoxetine --- sertraline --- endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) --- Aroclor 1221 (A1221) --- PCBs --- vinclozolin --- social behavior --- sex differences --- transgenerational --- epigenetic --- endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) --- polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) --- mating behavior --- paced mating --- ultrasonic vocalization (USV) --- estradiol --- triclosan --- triclocarbon --- detergents --- 4-nonylphenol --- Danio rerio --- zebrafish --- environmental toxicity --- aquatic environment --- ground water chemicals --- lower urinary tract dysfunction --- lower urinary tract symptoms --- BPH --- prostate --- axonal growth --- developmental neurotoxicity --- neuronal morphogenesis --- PBDE --- reactive oxygen species --- thyroid hormone --- pesticides --- prebiotic --- intestinal dysbiosis --- perigestational --- dysmetabolism --- risk factor --- behavior --- chemical screening --- literature comparison --- developmental toxicity --- negative control --- positive control --- rapid testing --- PFAS --- PFAS mixtures --- epigenetics --- microglia --- valproic acid --- primary motor cortex

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