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Volatile organic compounds. --- VOCs (Chemicals) --- Volatile organic chemicals --- Organic compounds

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are released from both static and mobile sources (e.g., industrial, transport, household, fossil fuels use, and many other sources). They are emitted into the atmosphere, taken up by plants, and ingested by animals to be bio accumulated along the food chain up to the apex predator. Many of these pollutants are classified as being toxic/carcinogenic by varying degrees and pose a worldwide risk to the environment and human health. Exposure (through different exposure pathways, i.e., inhalation, dermal absorption, ingestion, etc.) to those hazardous pollutants can damage the immune, neurological, reproductive (e.g., reduced fertility), developmental, and respiratory systems of humans and animals. More efforts are thus needed to improve the method of their detection and treatment. This Special Issue aims to present articles emphasizing more than one of all the available tools to monitor or treat VOCs: (1) measurement techniques for VOC; (2) treatment techniques for VOC; and (3) all important environmental issues associated with the management of VOCs.

Volatile organic compounds --- Environmental aspects. --- VOCs (Chemicals) --- Volatile organic chemicals --- Organic compounds

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Most of tropical rainforest tree species are dispersed by animals. The role of rodents in seed dispersal has been poorly documented in African rainforests. Considering that rodents are less affected than large mammals by selective hunting, they could therefore play a crucial role in seed dispersal of some species.
This study was carried out in a moist semi-deciduous forest in Cameroon, within an FSC-certified forest concession. This work aimed to deepen knowledge on the roles of two African rodent species, Cricetomys emini and Funisciurus pyrropus, in seed dispersal. In parallel, the effectiveness of three seed marking methods for monitoring dispersion was assessed. Interaction with olfactory molecules was also explored through the introduction of an attractive molecule, the sulcatone, to promote seed removal by rodents and through a preliminary study of the volatiles emitted by the arils of two species of the Myristicaceae family. A total of 454 seeds were marked with magnets/fluorescent thread tags/PIT tags in order to obtain dispersion data via detection with a magnetic detector/UV lamp/RFID system. Finally, hoards of both rodent species were searched and the seeds within were identified.
This study showed a scatter-hoarder behaviour for F. pyrropus with seeds found up to 37m and 4% of the marked seeds recovered whole and buried at a maximum depth of 10 cm. The caches of F. pyrropus contained 30% potentially viable seeds. The seeds taken away by C. emini were not found within a radius of 50m, which suggests a dispersal distance greater than 50m. Thirty-five % of the seeds were whole and 6 % potentially viable or viable in the burrows of C. emini.
The magnetic detector had the advantage of being easier to handle in the vegetation, detecting tags faster and deeper in the soil. However, it requires an appropriate soil, is annoying for C. emini because the magnets come out of the seeds to cling to each other in his cheek pouches, and the detector gives false detections. In contrast, the RFID system does not give false detections and PIT tags have a unique identifier, they can be found less deeply than magnets but do not interfere with rodents. The thread tags were a source of discomfort for both C. emini and F. pyrropus, were less easy to find but are very cheap.
The VOCs profiles of the fruits of both Myristicaceae species are very complex and it is probably in their whole that they could have an olfactory effect on rodents. There was a significant dependence in seed removal depending on whether sulcatone was present or not. La grande majorité des arbres en forêt dense humide tropicale sont dispersés par des frugivores. Le rôle des rongeurs dans la dispersion des graines a jusqu’à présent été très peu documenté dans les forêts denses humides africaines. Or, les rongeurs sont moins touchés par la chasse sélective et pourraient donc avoir un rôle d’autant plus important dans la dispersion des graines de certaines essences.
Réalisé en forêt dense humide semi-caducifoliée camerounaise, au sein d’une concession forestière certifiée FSC, ce travail ambitionne d’approfondir les connaissances sur les rôles de deux espèces de rongeurs africains, Cricetomys emini et Funisciurus pyrropus, en tant que disperseurs de graines. En parallèle, l’efficacité de trois méthodes de marquage de graines pour le suivi de la dispersion a été appréhendée. Enfin, l’interaction avec des molécules olfactives a également été explorée via la mise en place d’une molécule attractive, la sulcatone, et via une étude préliminaire des volatils émis par l’arille de deux essences de la famille des Myristicaceae. Au total 454 graines ont été marquées à l’aide d’aimants/de fils fluorescents/de PIT tags dans le but d’obtenir des informations sur la dispersion via la détection avec un détecteur magnétique/une lampe UV/une antenne et un lecteur RFID. Enfin, des cachettes des deux espèces de rongeurs ont été fouillées et les graines présentes ont été identifiées.
Cette étude a montré un comportement de scatter-hoarder pour F. pyrropus avec des graines retrouvées jusqu’à 37m et 4% des graines marquées récupérées entières et enterrées à max. 10 cm de profondeur. Les caches de F. pyrropus présentaient 30% de graines potentiellement viables. Les graines emportées par C. emini n’ont pas été retrouvées dans un rayon de 50m, ce qui laisse présager une dispersion supérieure à 50m. Les terriers de C. emini contenaient 35% de graines entières et 6% de graines potentiellement viables ou viables.
Le détecteur magnétique présentait l’avantage d’être plus aisé à manipuler dans la végétation, de détecter des tags plus rapidement et plus profondément dans le sol. Cependant, il nécessite un sol approprié, est gênant pour C. emini car les aimants sortent des graines pour s’accoler les uns aux autres dans ses poches jugales, et le détecteur donne de faux-positifs. A l’inverse, le système RFID ne donne pas de faux-positifs et les PIT tags possèdent un identifiant unique, ils peuvent être retrouvés moins profondément que les aimants mais ne gênent pas les rongeurs. Les fils gênaient fortement C. emini et F. pyrropus, étaient moins faciles à retrouver mais présentent l’avantage d’être très peu coûteux.
Les profils en VOCs des diaspores des deux espèces de Myristicaceae sont très complexes et c’est probablement dans leur globalité qu’ils pourraient avoir un effet olfactif sur les rongeurs. Il y avait une dépendance significative dans l’enlèvement des graines selon que la sulcatone soit présente ou pas.

Dispersion, rodents, Cricetomys emini, Funisciurus pyrropus, tropical rainforests, RFID, magnetic detection, traditional thread tags, VOCs --- Dispersion, rongeurs, Cricetomys emini, Funisciurus pyrropus, forêts tropicales, RFID, détection magnétique, « traditional thread tags », VOCs --- Sciences du vivant > Sciences de l'environnement & écologie

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Nowadays, very much emphasis is put on the low energy demand of buildings and their appropriate quality indoor environment.
Monitoring and controlling indoor air quality are still a difficult process not only because of the rapidly changing conditions but also because of the insufficient amount of data on pollution resulting from construction and finishing materials. Most studies focus on determining the degree of pollution concentration, not at the very level of emissions from their source. The emissivity of construction materials and equipment should be one of the key elements in assessing the correct air quality and thermal comfort. Only a few studies have been carried out on this topic. This work focuses on the selection of the least invasive elements enabling the construction of the test cell and the necessary equipment to maintain optimal thermal and ventilation conditions and so low emission building materials. When assessing the quality of the internal environment, it is recommended to test the content of formaldehyde (HCHO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), as one of the best indicators in the global rating. Depending on the available ventilation solutions on the market, it is recommended to choose a solution that will ensure the appropriate amount of supplied air of good quality and will allow the free discharge of pollutants. The main benefits that are discussed in this paper and that would result from the implementation of the project are the possibility of assessing the emission of pollutants from selected materials, estimating thermal efficiency, air quality, and thermal comfort. However, this project is not limited only to research in this area and also enables other tests to be carried out, such as global comfort measurement, including noise, light, tightness, and its easy construction and assembly allow for the connection of other chambers to conduct other tests.

indoor air quality --- low emission building materials --- formaldehyde (HCHO) --- volatile organic compounds (VOCs). --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Energie

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"Organized into two main sections, the first half of the book focuses on the Martian meteorites and specific volatile elements. The second half of the book explores processes and locations on the crust, including what we have learned about volatile mobility in the Martian crust. Coverage includes data from orbiter and in situ rovers and landers, geochemical and geophysical modeling, and combined data from the SNC meteorites."--

Mars (Planet) --- Crust. --- Volatile organic compounds. --- Cosmochemistry. --- Martian meteorites. --- Planets --- Meteorites --- Astrochemistry --- Cosmic chemistry --- Space chemistry --- Chemistry --- Space sciences --- VOCs (Chemicals) --- Volatile organic chemicals --- Organic compounds --- Crusts of the planets --- Planetary crusts