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Dear Colleagues, The rapidly changing field of medicine and healthcare is increasingly adopting scientific and technological innovations, making interdisciplinary collaborations especially important. In this context, medical disciplines are becoming increasingly interlinked with other specialities and fields. A more interdisciplinary approach to the patient is needed, especially for complex patients with numerous comorbidities, most of whom are usually elderly and fragile. The greatest challenges to human health lie at the intersection of different medical fields. An interdisciplinary medical team is increasingly necessary with the rapid expansion of medical knowledge. Given the importance of interdisciplinarity in the field of medicine and research, the international journal Medicina-Lithuania has launched this Special Issue. The Special Issue has attracted the interest of different groups of researchers, and very interesting articles from different countries. Reviews or original articles dealing with interdisciplinary medical problems, as well as articles providing an up-to-date overview of the diagnostic protocols and treatments for patients with multiple comorbidities have been published. I thank all the authors for sharing their research and wish all readers a fruitful and stimulating read! Assoc. Prof. Dr. Camelia DIACONU Guest Editor

Medicine --- ectopic kidney --- locally advanced cervical cancer --- nephrectomy --- skin cancer --- squamous cell carcinoma --- basal cell carcinoma --- malignant melanoma --- surgery --- quality of life --- breast reconstruction --- timing --- mastectomy --- adjuvant therapy --- fertility preservation --- cryo-preservation --- vitrification --- breast cancer --- dietary attitude --- type 2 diabetes mellitus --- diabetes self-management --- empowerment approach --- dietary behavior --- early stage --- ovarian cancer --- para-aortic lymph node metastases --- synchronous malignancies --- cervical adenocarcinoma --- serous ovarian adenocarcinoma --- PSFT --- resection --- pulmonary adenocarcinoma --- Krukenberg tumors --- ureteral stenosis --- chronic kidney disease --- preeclampsia --- hypertension --- proteinuria --- type 2 diabetes --- hemoglobin A1c --- matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 --- anti-elastin antibodies --- anti-collagen IV antibodies --- diabetic retinopathy --- diabetic nephropathy --- macrovascular complications --- nephrotic syndrome --- thrombosis --- inherited risk factors --- mutation --- anticoagulation --- medical malpractice --- doctor–patient relationship --- communication --- complications --- diagnostic error --- preventive measures --- retrospective study --- children --- self-medication --- risks --- beliefs --- Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome --- primary amenorrhea --- surgical management --- vaginal reconstruction --- plastic surgery --- oral graft versus host disease --- topical corticosteroids --- dexamethasone --- clobetasol --- budesonide --- tuberous sclerosis --- angiomyolipomatosis --- uretero-hydronephrosis --- angiofibromas --- VCAM-1 --- E-selectin --- psoriasis --- methotrexate --- adalimumab --- colosalpingeal fistula --- enterotubal fistula --- diverticular fistulation --- diagnosis --- hysteroscopy management --- pregnancy-associated breast cancer --- Romania --- primary --- pleural --- hydatidosis --- Albendazole --- echinoccocus --- caudal duplication syndrome --- colorectal duplication --- genitourinary duplication --- congenital malformation --- pediatric surgery --- SARS-CoV-2 --- COVID-19 --- SIADH --- dyselectrolytemia --- hyponatremia --- Silesian Voivodeship --- gold hour --- cardiovascular diseases --- Medical Emergency Team --- acute cholecystitis --- laparoscopic cholecystectomy --- elderly --- safety --- young lung cancer --- depression --- anxiety --- multiple correspondence analysis --- k-means clustering --- n/a --- doctor-patient relationship --- Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome

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Dear colleagues, This Special Issue, “Endothelial Dysfunction: From Pathophysiology to Novel Therapeutic Approaches”, focuses on the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction, new biomarkers for endothelial dysfunction related to cardiovascular disorders or tumors, and novel therapeutic approaches for endothelial dysfunctions. Vascular endothelium is an active tissue and plays a crucial role in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Chronic exposure to risk factors, such as hypertension, high cholesterolemia, or oxidative stress, induces endothelial dysfunctions and results in a loss of endothelial integrity, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and macrophage recruitment. The pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction (ED) is complex and multi-factorial factors are involved, such as oxidative stress or chronic inflammation. The primary prevention of cardiovascular risk factors and endothelial dysfunctions, as well as the early detection of or molecular imaging techniques for endothelial dysfunction, helps to prevent the development of cardiovascular disorders. Novel therapeutic approaches or drug delivery systems for endothelial dysfunctions have had promising beneficial effects in preclinical or clinical levels by affecting the progression of atherosclerotic changes, tumor angiogenesis, and host–immune reactions near tumor environments.

Technology: general issues --- Biotechnology --- endothelial cells --- oxidative stress --- inflammageing --- endothelial dysfunction --- aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 --- cardiovascular disease --- neurovascular disease --- vascular inflammation --- APE1/Ref-1 --- cardiovascular diseases --- subcellular localization --- serological biomarkers --- atherosclerosis --- aerobic exercise --- PCSK9 --- LOX-1 --- insulin resistance --- macrophage polarity --- serum γ-glutamyltransferase --- essential hypertension --- cardiovascular risk factors --- angiogenesis --- nargenicin A1 --- compound 9 --- VEGF --- VEGFR2 --- HIF-1α --- electronegative low-density lipoprotein --- LDL(–) --- L5 LDL --- oxidized LDL --- oxLDL --- ADMA --- arginine --- arginine paradox --- BH4 --- blood pressure --- COVID-19 --- dietary supplements --- endothelium --- eNOS uncoupling --- heart failure --- hypertension --- L-arginine --- myocardial infarction --- NADPH --- nitric oxide --- peripheral artery disease --- ApoE knockout mouse --- atorvastatin --- VCAM-1 --- galectin-3 --- neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio --- electronegative LDL --- LDL(−) --- lectin-like oxLDL receptor-1 --- dyslipidemia --- chronic venous insufficiency --- prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) --- inflammation --- endothelial disfunction --- lung disease --- endothelial to mesenchymal transition --- pulmonary hypertension --- pulmonary fibrosis --- metformin --- diabetes --- CV risk --- hyperglycemia --- glycated lipoproteins --- glycated LDL --- glycated HDL --- endothelial cell dysfunction --- molecular mechanisms --- epigenetic factors --- therapeutic approaches --- vasoactive factors --- EndoMT --- TGF-β --- epigenetics --- endothelial cell --- glycolysis --- metabolism --- pathological angiogenesis --- tumor microenvironment --- MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) --- high-fat diets --- plaque burden --- low-level laser therapy --- phototherapy --- vascular disease --- healing --- ischemia --- vascular calcification --- chronic kidney disease --- CKD --- uremic toxins --- hyperphosphatemia --- vascular smooth muscle cells --- VSMCs --- macrophages --- n/a --- LDL(-)

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Dear colleagues, This Special Issue, “Endothelial Dysfunction: From Pathophysiology to Novel Therapeutic Approaches”, focuses on the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction, new biomarkers for endothelial dysfunction related to cardiovascular disorders or tumors, and novel therapeutic approaches for endothelial dysfunctions. Vascular endothelium is an active tissue and plays a crucial role in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Chronic exposure to risk factors, such as hypertension, high cholesterolemia, or oxidative stress, induces endothelial dysfunctions and results in a loss of endothelial integrity, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and macrophage recruitment. The pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction (ED) is complex and multi-factorial factors are involved, such as oxidative stress or chronic inflammation. The primary prevention of cardiovascular risk factors and endothelial dysfunctions, as well as the early detection of or molecular imaging techniques for endothelial dysfunction, helps to prevent the development of cardiovascular disorders. Novel therapeutic approaches or drug delivery systems for endothelial dysfunctions have had promising beneficial effects in preclinical or clinical levels by affecting the progression of atherosclerotic changes, tumor angiogenesis, and host–immune reactions near tumor environments.

endothelial cells --- oxidative stress --- inflammageing --- endothelial dysfunction --- aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 --- cardiovascular disease --- neurovascular disease --- vascular inflammation --- APE1/Ref-1 --- cardiovascular diseases --- subcellular localization --- serological biomarkers --- atherosclerosis --- aerobic exercise --- PCSK9 --- LOX-1 --- insulin resistance --- macrophage polarity --- serum γ-glutamyltransferase --- essential hypertension --- cardiovascular risk factors --- angiogenesis --- nargenicin A1 --- compound 9 --- VEGF --- VEGFR2 --- HIF-1α --- electronegative low-density lipoprotein --- LDL(–) --- L5 LDL --- oxidized LDL --- oxLDL --- ADMA --- arginine --- arginine paradox --- BH4 --- blood pressure --- COVID-19 --- dietary supplements --- endothelium --- eNOS uncoupling --- heart failure --- hypertension --- L-arginine --- myocardial infarction --- NADPH --- nitric oxide --- peripheral artery disease --- ApoE knockout mouse --- atorvastatin --- VCAM-1 --- galectin-3 --- neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio --- electronegative LDL --- LDL(−) --- lectin-like oxLDL receptor-1 --- dyslipidemia --- chronic venous insufficiency --- prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) --- inflammation --- endothelial disfunction --- lung disease --- endothelial to mesenchymal transition --- pulmonary hypertension --- pulmonary fibrosis --- metformin --- diabetes --- CV risk --- hyperglycemia --- glycated lipoproteins --- glycated LDL --- glycated HDL --- endothelial cell dysfunction --- molecular mechanisms --- epigenetic factors --- therapeutic approaches --- vasoactive factors --- EndoMT --- TGF-β --- epigenetics --- endothelial cell --- glycolysis --- metabolism --- pathological angiogenesis --- tumor microenvironment --- MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) --- high-fat diets --- plaque burden --- low-level laser therapy --- phototherapy --- vascular disease --- healing --- ischemia --- vascular calcification --- chronic kidney disease --- CKD --- uremic toxins --- hyperphosphatemia --- vascular smooth muscle cells --- VSMCs --- macrophages --- n/a --- LDL(-)

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The issue of Cancers Journal entitled “Role of Medical Imaging in Cancers” presents a detailed summary of evidences about molecular imaging, including the role of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single photon emission tomography (SPET) and positron emission tomography (PET) or PET/CT or PET/MR imaging in many type of tumors (i.e. sarcoma, prostate, breast and others), motivating the role of these imaging modalities in different setting of disease and showing the recent developments, in terms of radiopharmaceuticals, software and artificial intelligence in this field. The collection of articles is very useful for many specialists, because it has been conceived for a multidisciplinary point of view, in order to drive to a personalized medicine.

Medicine. --- positron emission tomography --- head and neck neoplasms --- neovascularization --- pathologic --- PET/CT --- urothelial carcinoma --- bladder cancer --- upper tract urothelial carcinoma --- survival --- PET --- PSMA --- prostate --- DCFPyL --- DCFBC --- PSMA-1007 --- ovarian cancer --- relapse --- SUVmax --- targeted therapy --- prognosis --- soft tissue sarcoma (STS) --- pazopanib --- dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT --- SUV --- two-tissue compartment model --- magnetic resonance imaging --- machine learning --- diffusion --- perfusion --- texture analysis --- squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck --- diffusion-weighted imaging --- malignant pleural mesothelioma --- pleural dissemination --- empyema --- pleural effusion --- mCRPC --- SPECT/CT --- Computer-assisted diagnosis --- XOFIGO --- Therapy response assessment --- circulating miRNAs --- breast cancer --- imaging parameters --- PET/MRI --- biomarkers --- triple negative breast cancer --- VCAM-1 --- SPECT imaging --- sdAbs --- Hounsfield unit --- computed tomography --- adipose tissue --- precision oncology --- FDG-PET/CT --- PERCIST --- metastatic breast cancer --- prostate cancer --- 18F-FACBC --- recurrence --- meta-analysis --- review --- meningioma --- somatostatin receptor --- neuroimaging --- radionuclide therapy --- breast --- imaging --- marker --- radiomics --- Yin Yang 1 --- PDAC --- Mesothelin --- noninvasive imaging --- receptor status --- molecular imaging --- nuclear medicine --- guidelines --- overutilization --- epistemology --- consensus --- mantle cell lymphoma --- 18F-FDG PET/CT --- Deauville criteria --- Radium-223 --- FDG --- castrate resistant prostate cancer --- programmed cell death 1 receptor --- diagnostic imaging --- CTLA-4 Antigen --- Immunotherapy --- Adoptive --- radioactive tracers --- radionuclide imaging --- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes --- PI-RADS --- diffusion kurtosis imaging --- dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging --- 68Gallium-PSMA PET/CT --- prostate-specific-antigen --- PSA kinetics thresholds --- biochemical recurrence --- optimal cutoff level --- non-small-cell lung cancer --- circulating tumor cells --- immunotherapy --- response to treatment --- head and neck cancer --- HPV --- EBV --- p16 --- Molecular imaging --- miRNA expression --- radiogenomics --- radiomic --- diagnosis --- biomarker --- glioblastoma --- radiation therapy --- MRI --- diffusion tensor imaging --- Hodgkin lymphoma --- diffuse large B-cell lymphoma --- staging --- response assessment --- locally advanced cervical cancer --- concurrent chemoradiotherapy --- treatment response --- follow up --- cystic tumor --- International Consensus Guidelines --- intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms --- pancreatic neoplasms --- PD-1 --- PD-L1 --- response to therapy --- NSCLC --- positron-emission tomography --- single-photon emission computed tomography --- immune checkpoint inhibitors --- gold nanoparticle --- heat shock protein 70 --- spectral-CT --- n/a

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Medicinal plants are used to treat diseases and provide health benefits, and their applications are increasing around the world. A huge array of phytochemicals have been identified from medicinal plants, belonging to carotenoids, flavonoids, lignans, and phenolic acids, and so on, with a wide range of biological activities. In order to explore our knowledge of phytochemicals with the assistance of modern molecular tools and high-throughput technologies, this book collects recent innovative original research and review articles on subtopics of mechanistic insights into bioactivities, treatment of diseases, profiling, extraction and identification, and biotechnology.

Medicine --- network pharmacology --- traditional herbal medicine --- methodological trend --- polysaccharide fraction --- Trichoderma atroviride --- Salvia miltiorrhiza --- proteomics --- tanshinones --- Flos Chrysanthemi indici --- essential oil --- extraction method --- chemical composition --- biological activity --- Garcinia linii --- hypoglycemia --- benzopyran --- triterpene --- bioflavonoid --- phenolic --- in silico --- neurodegenerative diseases --- naringenin --- pharmacological targets --- signaling pathways --- molecular mechanisms --- drug delivery systems --- luteolin --- hyphenated techniques --- chromatography --- colorectal cancer --- diterpenes --- inflammatory bowel diseases --- Polyalthia longifolia --- herbal medicine --- DESs --- preparative-scale purification --- flavonoids --- 20-hydroxyecdysone --- Chenopodium quinoa --- Zinc oxide nanoparticles --- anticancer --- antileishmanial --- antimicrobial --- biocompatibility --- cancer --- apoptosis --- herbs --- cell lines --- in vivo --- quercetin --- polyphenols --- Alzheimer’s disease --- mechanistic insights --- clinical directions --- isodon genus --- ent-kaurane diterpenoids --- natural compounds --- pathways --- medicinal plants --- bioactive compounds --- 4-hydroxynonenal --- deleterious effects --- Asiatic acid --- nasopharyngeal cancer --- cisplatin resistance --- MAPK pathway --- Anthocyanin --- Solanum nigrum L. --- flavonoid biosynthesis --- AtPAP1 --- licochalcone D --- non-small cell lung cancer --- reactive oxygen species --- Acorus gramineusand --- Euodia ruticarpa --- pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines --- steam distillation essential oil --- Th1/Th2 cytokines --- lignans --- Trachelospermum asiaticum --- GNPS --- targeted isolation --- Rheum undulatum --- Glycyrriza uralensis --- hepatic encephalopathy --- MMP-9 --- neuroinflammation --- luteolin-7-O-glucoside --- oral cancer --- migration --- invasion --- MMP-2 --- Astragalus mongholicus --- ultraviolet-B radiation --- phenolics --- untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry --- targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry --- Bacopa monnieri --- cheminformatics --- neurological diseases --- spinocerebellar ataxia --- system pharmacology --- (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) --- bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) --- catethin --- fracture healing --- local use --- cardiovascular diseases --- inflammation --- lipid metabolism --- non-coding RNA --- oxidative stress --- phenolic compounds --- Peucedanum ostruthium --- Apiaceae --- ELINA --- HetCA, STOCSY --- coumarines --- NF-ĸB --- VCAM-1 --- E-selectin --- Withaferin A --- matrix metalloproteinases --- antioxidant signaling --- Curcuma aromatica --- sesquiterpene --- anti-inflammatory --- luciferase assay --- cytotoxicity --- n/a --- Alzheimer's disease