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In the mid-seventeenth century, Wilno (Vilnius), the second capital of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, was home to Poles, Lithuanians, Germans, Ruthenians, Jews, and Tatars, who worshiped in Catholic, Uniate, Orthodox, Calvinist, and Lutheran churches, one synagogue, and one mosque. Visitors regularly commented on the relatively peaceful coexistence of this bewildering array of peoples, languages, and faiths. In Kith, Kin, and Neighbors, David Frick shows how Wilno's inhabitants navigated and negotiated these differences in their public and private lives.This remarkable book opens with a walk through the streets of Wilno, offering a look over the royal quartermaster's shoulder as he made his survey of the city's intramural houses in preparation for King Wladyslaw IV's visit in 1636. These surveys (Lustrations) provide concise descriptions of each house within the city walls that, in concert with court and church records, enable Frick to accurately discern Wilno's neighborhoods and human networks, ascertain the extent to which such networks were bounded confessionally and culturally, determine when citizens crossed these boundaries, and conclude which kinds of cross-confessional constellations were more likely than others. These maps provide the backdrops against which the dramas of Wilno lives played out: birth, baptism, education, marriage, separation or divorce, guild membership, poor relief, and death and funeral practices. Perhaps the most complete reconstruction ever written of life in an early modern European city, Kith, Kin, and Neighbors sets a new standard for urban history and for work on the religious and communal life of Eastern Europe.

Europe. --- Urban Studies. --- HISTORY / Europe / Baltic States. --- Vilnius (Lithuania) --- Wilno (Lithuania) --- Vilʹna (Lithuania) --- Vilʹnia (Lithuania) --- Вільня (Lithuania) --- Vilnius, Lithuanian S.S.R. --- Ṿilnah (Lithuania) --- Ṿilne (Lithuania) --- Vilʹno (Lithuania) --- Vilniaus miesto savivaldybė --- Vilnius City Municipality --- Vilna (Poland) --- Religion --- Social life and customs --- History

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About sixty thousand Jews from Wilno (Vilnius, Jewish Vilna) and surrounding townships in present-day Lithuania were murdered by the Nazis and their Lithuanian collaborators in huge pits on the outskirts of Ponary. Over a period of several years, Kazimierz Sakowicz, a Polish journalist who lived in the village of Ponary, was an eyewitness to the murder of these Jews as well as to the murders of thousands of non-Jews on an almost daily basis. He chronicled these events in a diary that he kept at great personal risk. Written as a simple account of what Sakowicz witnessed, the diary is devoid of personal involvement or identification with the victims. It is thus a unique document: testimony from a bystander, an "objective" observer without an emotional or a political agenda, to the extermination of the Jews of the city known as "the Jerusalem of Lithuania."Sakowicz did not survive the war, but much of his diary did. Painstakingly pieced together by Rahel Margolis from scraps of paper hidden in various locations, the diary was published in Polish in 1999. It is here published in English for the first time, extensively annotated by Yitzhak Arad to guide readers through the events at Ponary.

Jews --- Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) --- World War, 1939-1945 --- Persecutions --- Atrocities. --- Sakowicz, Kazimierz, --- Saḳovits', Ḳ., --- Saḳovits', A., --- Saḳovits', Ṿ., --- סאקוביץ׳, ו. --- Vilnius (Lithuania) --- Wilno (Lithuania) --- Vilʹna (Lithuania) --- Vilʹnia (Lithuania) --- Вільня (Lithuania) --- Vilnius, Lithuanian S.S.R. --- Ṿilnah (Lithuania) --- Ṿilne (Lithuania) --- Vilʹno (Lithuania) --- Vilniaus miesto savivaldybė --- Vilnius City Municipality --- Vilna (Poland) --- Ethnic relations. --- Sakowicz, Kazimierz, -- 1894-1944 -- Diaries.. --- Jews -- Persecutions -- Lithuania -- Vilnius.. --- Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) -- Lithuania -- Vilnius.. --- World War, 1939-1945 -- Atrocities.. --- Vilnius (Lithuania) -- Ethnic relations.

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The librarian walks the streets of her beloved Paris. An old lady with a limp and an accent, she is invisible to most. Certainly no one recognizes her as the warrior and revolutionary she was, when again and again she slipped into the Jewish ghetto of German-occupied Vilnius to carry food, clothes, medicine, money, and counterfeit documents to its prisoners. Often she left with letters to deliver, manuscripts to hide, and even sedated children swathed in sacks. In 1944 she was captured by the Gestapo, tortured for twelve days, and deported to Dachau. Through Epistolop

Biography --- Righteous Gentiles in the Holocaust --- Holocaust survivors --- Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) --- World War, 1939-1945 --- Librarians --- Authorship. --- Jews --- Rescue --- Šimaitė, Ona, --- Vilnius (Lithuania) --- European War, 1939-1945 --- Second World War, 1939-1945 --- World War 2, 1939-1945 --- World War II, 1939-1945 --- World War Two, 1939-1945 --- WW II (World War, 1939-1945) --- WWII (World War, 1939-1945) --- Survivors, Holocaust --- Righteous of the nations (Judaism) --- Biographies --- History --- Life histories --- Memoirs --- Shimayeṭeh, Onah, --- Wilno (Lithuania) --- Vilʹna (Lithuania) --- Vilʹnia (Lithuania) --- Вільня (Lithuania) --- Vilnius, Lithuanian S.S.R. --- Ṿilnah (Lithuania) --- Ṿilne (Lithuania) --- Viʹlno (Lithuania) --- Vilniaus miesto savivaldybė --- Vilnius City Municipality --- Information scientists --- Library employees --- Libraries --- History, Modern --- Victims --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Genealogy --- Vilna (Poland) --- Vilʹno (Lithuania) --- Simaite, Ona,

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Elijah ben Solomon, the ";Genius of Vilna," was perhaps the best-known and most understudied figure in modern Jewish history. This book offers a new narrative of Jewish modernity based on Elijah's life and influence. While the experience of Jews in modernity has often been described as a process of Western European secularization-with Jews becoming citizens of Western nation-states, congregants of reformed synagogues, and assimilated members of society-Stern uses Elijah's story to highlight a different theory of modernization for European life. Religious movements such as Hasidism and anti-secular institutions such as the yeshiva emerged from the same democratization of knowledge and privatization of religion that gave rise to secular and universal movements and institutions. Claimed by traditionalists, enlighteners, Zionists, and the Orthodox, Elijah's genius and its afterlife capture an all-embracing interpretation of the modern Jewish experience. Through the story of the "Vilna Gaon," Stern presents a new model for understanding modern Jewish history and more generally the place of traditionalism and religious radicalism in modern Western life and thought.

Rabbis --- Judaism --- Jewish rabbis --- Clergy --- Jewish scholars --- History. --- Functionaries --- Elijah ben Solomon, --- Gra, --- Ha-Gra, --- Vilniaus Gaonas, --- Kremeris, Elijas Zalmanas, --- Elijah, --- Gera, --- ha-Gera, --- Elijah ben Solomon Zalman, --- Eliyahu, --- Elijah Gaon, --- Vilna Gaon, --- Gaon, Elijah, --- Wilner Gaon, --- Gaon of Vilna, --- Solomon, Elijah ben, --- Solomon Zalman, Elijah ben, --- Eliyahu ben Shelomoh, --- Shelomoh, Eliyahu ben, --- Eliyahu ben Shelomoh Zalman, --- Shelomoh Zalman, Eliyahu ben, --- Vilna, Gaon of, --- Wilna, Elijah of, --- Vilna, Elijah ben Solomon, --- Ṿilna, Eliyahu mi-, --- Kramer, Eliyahu, --- Eliohu, --- Wilner Goen, --- Gaʼon, --- אילהו בן שלמה, --- אךיהו גאון וחסיד מווילנא --- אלוהו בן שלמה, --- אליה בן שלמה --- אליה בן שלמה, --- אליהו בן סולומון --- אליהו בן סולומון, --- אליהו בן סלומון, --- אליהו בן שלומה, --- אליהו בן שלומו --- אליהו בן שלמה --- אליהו בן שלמה זלמן --- אליהו בן שלמה זלמן, --- אליהו בן שלמה, הגאון מווילנא, --- אליהו בן שלמה, --- אליהו בר שלמה --- אליהו חסידא מווילמא --- אליהו מווילנא --- אליהו מווילנא, --- אליהו מווילנה --- אליהו מוילנא --- אליהו מוילנה --- אליהוה בן שלמה, --- אליהו, --- אליוה, --- אלי׳ מווילנא, --- אלי׳, --- ברי״ף, שמואל, --- גאון מוילנה --- גאון, --- גרא, --- Vilnius (Lithuania) --- Wilno (Lithuania) --- Vilʹna (Lithuania) --- Vilʹnia (Lithuania) --- Вільня (Lithuania) --- Vilnius, Lithuanian S.S.R. --- Ṿilnah (Lithuania) --- Ṿilne (Lithuania) --- Vilʹno (Lithuania) --- Vilniaus miesto savivaldybė --- Vilnius City Municipality --- Vilna (Poland)