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This book addresses the many inter-related aspects of the urban environment from transport and mobility to social exclusion and crime prevention. The papers are organized under such headings as: architectural issues, cultural heritage, mega cities, healthy cities, indicators, spatial modelling, and the community and the city.
Urban renewal --- Urban regeneration --- Urban sustainability --- Sustainable city
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Urban settlements are critical today, not only in demographic, economic and cultural terms, but also for their environmental impact. A sustainable land management is therefore a fundamental requirement. Urban sprawl has long been described as settlement model that is unsustainable from all the points of view, but its growth has been virtually unchallenged for decades. Many regions have recently become aware of the problem however, and they are trying to tackle this challenge. This book tries to focus on this challenge and it moves from the following research questions: which outcomes have been obtained against sprawl? Which difficulties emerged? Who and why is against these policies? Which are the "unwanted effects" of these policies? The book is focused on the US trends, where the problem emerged first. Portland, Denver and Minneapolis are considered: three metropolitan regions in different parts of the country but with similar dimensions, characteristics and policies. The conditions that made some outcomes possible are highlighted (the ability to network institutions at multiple levels and to foster the participation of local actors in the land management process), as well as some critical issues and unsolved problems (the exponential growth of real estate costs, the opposition of a part of the local community, the persistence of segregation and inequality forms).
Urban sprawl --- Urban sustainability --- Housing affordability --- Land use Management --- US city --- Urban Conflicts
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Urban settlements are critical today, not only in demographic, economic and cultural terms, but also for their environmental impact. A sustainable land management is therefore a fundamental requirement. Urban sprawl has long been described as settlement model that is unsustainable from all the points of view, but its growth has been virtually unchallenged for decades. Many regions have recently become aware of the problem however, and they are trying to tackle this challenge. This book tries to focus on this challenge and it moves from the following research questions: which outcomes have been obtained against sprawl? Which difficulties emerged? Who and why is against these policies? Which are the "unwanted effects" of these policies? The book is focused on the US trends, where the problem emerged first. Portland, Denver and Minneapolis are considered: three metropolitan regions in different parts of the country but with similar dimensions, characteristics and policies. The conditions that made some outcomes possible are highlighted (the ability to network institutions at multiple levels and to foster the participation of local actors in the land management process), as well as some critical issues and unsolved problems (the exponential growth of real estate costs, the opposition of a part of the local community, the persistence of segregation and inequality forms).
Housing & homelessness --- Urban & municipal planning --- Urban sprawl --- Urban sustainability --- Housing affordability --- Land use Management --- US city --- Urban Conflicts
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Urban settlements are critical today, not only in demographic, economic and cultural terms, but also for their environmental impact. A sustainable land management is therefore a fundamental requirement. Urban sprawl has long been described as settlement model that is unsustainable from all the points of view, but its growth has been virtually unchallenged for decades. Many regions have recently become aware of the problem however, and they are trying to tackle this challenge. This book tries to focus on this challenge and it moves from the following research questions: which outcomes have been obtained against sprawl? Which difficulties emerged? Who and why is against these policies? Which are the "unwanted effects" of these policies? The book is focused on the US trends, where the problem emerged first. Portland, Denver and Minneapolis are considered: three metropolitan regions in different parts of the country but with similar dimensions, characteristics and policies. The conditions that made some outcomes possible are highlighted (the ability to network institutions at multiple levels and to foster the participation of local actors in the land management process), as well as some critical issues and unsolved problems (the exponential growth of real estate costs, the opposition of a part of the local community, the persistence of segregation and inequality forms).
Housing & homelessness --- Urban & municipal planning --- Urban sprawl --- Urban sustainability --- Housing affordability --- Land use Management --- US city --- Urban Conflicts
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This timely book calls for a paradigm shift in urban transport, which remains one of the critically uncertain aspects of the sustainability transformation of our societies. It argues that the potential of human scale thinking needs to be recognised, both in understanding people on the move in the city and within various organisations responsible for cities.
Urban transportation. --- City transportation --- Metropolitan transportation --- Municipal transportation --- Transportation, Urban --- City planning --- Transportation --- Urban policy --- Sustainable transportation. --- Sustainable engineering --- urban mobility --- city --- transport planning and policy --- mobility innovations --- urban sustainability
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This volume examines the applicability of nature-based solutions in ecological restoration practice and in contemporary landscape architecture by bringing together ecology and architecture in the built environment. Green infrastructure is used to address urban challenges such as climate change adaptation, disaster risk reduction, and stormwater management. In addition, thermal comfort nature-based solutions reintroduce critical connections between natural and urban systems. In light of ongoing developments in sustainable urban development, the goal is a paradigm shift towards a landscape that restores and rehabilitates urban ecosystems. The ten contributions to this book examine a wide range of successful cases of designing healthier, greener and more resilient landscapes in different geographical contexts, from the United States of America and Brazil, through various European regions, to Singapore and China. While some chapters attempt to conceptualize the interconnections between cities and nature, others clearly have an empirical focus. Therefore, this volume provides a rich body of work and acts as a starting point for further studies on restoration of ecosystems and integrative policies such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
building-integrated photovoltaics --- vertical farming --- shading devices --- design optimisation --- low-carbon architecture --- multi-criteria decision assessment --- old field succession --- tree establishment --- microclimate --- plant-soil interactions --- soil nutrients --- Lapalala Wilderness --- life cycle costs --- stormwater management --- storm water management model --- natural hazard insurance --- climate change adaptation --- disaster risk reduction --- nature-based solutions --- nature assurance scheme --- insurance value of ecosystems --- flood risk reduction --- thermal comfort enhancement --- microclimatic simulations --- Mike Urban --- ENVI-met --- ecological security --- driving force --- yangtze river urban agglomeration --- sustainable tourism --- smart tourism --- mobile applications --- nature recreation --- green infrastructure --- stakeholder participation --- collaborative governance --- urban sustainability --- citizen perceptions --- coastal restoration --- oyster --- marsh --- seagrass --- restoration success --- coastal habitat --- exotic species --- urban biodiversity --- urban ecosystems --- carbon neutral cities
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The last two decades have been marked by intense and accelerated economic, political, and cultural processes that have affected urban spaces. These changes have occurred in different parts of cities (traditional centers, edges, peripheries) and at different levels of the urban system (large and medium-sized cities and in their respective areas of influence). Possibly the clearest expression of the spatial effects on cities can be perceived in their morphological transformations, their territorial dimensions, or in their social problems. Until 2008, urban–territorial processes were a reflection of the logic and inconsistencies of an expansive economic context and of a structural context that favored the development of cities through concurrent processes and actors. As a result, the built land and amount of urbanized and built surfaces increased, together with processes of the expansion and modernization of cities. Since 2008, the expansive economic cycle has ended, and there have been diverse negative consequences. Notably, the construction sector has come to an abrupt halt. Access to credit has also been reduced, and unemployment has increased. The economic recession has caused sociodemographic and socioeconomic issues exemplified by housing vulnerability, with dispossession, evictions, a shortage of social housing, and energy poverty.
residential strategies --- Cabanyal --- urban sustainability --- foreign immigration --- eco-neighborhood --- neoliberal urban policy --- suburbanization --- urban growth --- housing vulnerability --- foreclosure --- spatial analysis --- housing market --- counter-urbanization --- urban sprawl --- Alicante --- educational level --- rurbanization --- post-crisis --- Suomi NPP VIIRS --- urban regeneration --- urban segregation --- Spanish city --- holiday home --- Barcelona --- vulnerable neighborhoods --- real estate bubble --- remote sensing --- night lights --- illegal urbanization --- urban inequality --- urbanization --- water --- sharing economies --- Uber --- land squandering --- socio-environmental vulnerability --- Madrid --- financialization --- housing bubble --- Extremadura --- urban conflicts --- urbanism --- social housing --- residential segregation --- Airbnb --- dispersed urbanism --- urban geography --- social-vulnerability --- medium-sized city --- school choice --- eviction --- urban vulnerability --- social crisis --- sustainable urban neighborhoods --- periurbanization --- periphery --- land uses --- qualitative methodology --- expansive city planning --- residential mobility --- consumption --- Spain --- urbanization process --- economic crisis --- medium-size cities --- neighbourhood effect --- social inequalities --- urban expansion --- Barcelona Metropolitan Region --- seasonality --- Valencia
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This volume examines the applicability of landscape urbanism theory in contemporary landscape architecture practice by bringing together ecology and architecture in the built environment. Using participatory planning of green infrastructure and application of nature-based solutions to address urban challenges, landscape urbanism seeks to reintroduce critical connections between natural and urban systems. In light of ongoing developments in landscape architecture, the goal is a paradigm shift towards a landscape that restores and rehabilitates urban ecosystems. Nine contributions examine a wide range of successful cases of designing livable and resilient cities in different geographical contexts, from the United States of America to Australia and Japan, and through several European cities in Italy, Portugal, Estonia, and Greece. While some chapters attempt to conceptualize the interconnections between cities and nature, others clearly have an empirical focus. Efforts such as the use of ornamental helophyte plants in bioretention ponds to reduce and treat stormwater runoff, the recovery of a poorly constructed urban waterway or participatory approaches for optimizing the location of green stormwater infrastructure and examining the environmental justice issue of equative availability and accessibility to public open spaces make these innovations explicit. Thus, this volume contributes to the sustainable cities goal of the United Nations.
public perception --- urban sustainability --- public open space --- landscape urbanism --- urban ecology --- re-naturing cities --- floating treatment wetland --- viable city --- deprived areas --- urban planning --- renaturing cities --- Greece --- postal questionnaire --- pedestrian zones --- street verges --- landscape first --- public green infrastructure (PGI) --- resource rationalization --- context-sensitive design --- green infrastructure --- environmental justice --- river restoration --- public amenity --- well-being --- sustainable cities --- Japan --- recreation --- plant ecology --- social equity --- runoff --- sustainable development --- Soviet-era housing blocks --- regenerative design --- biophilic urbanism --- livability --- post-postmodernism --- landscape history --- nature-based solutions --- vacant land --- nature-based solution --- built environment --- green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) --- urban nature (UN) --- urban design --- geographic information systems --- landscape theory --- urban geography --- residents’ views --- pollutant removal --- liveability --- visitor satisfaction survey --- biophilic design --- Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) --- urban nature --- spontaneous vegetation --- Asia --- green gentrification --- site suitability modeling --- landscape architecture --- Roma minority --- Philadelphia
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The concept of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) is becoming increasingly relevant in international and European policy frameworks. In March 2022, the fifth session of the United Nations Assembly for the Environment (UNEA-5) adopted a formal “Resolution on Nature-based Solutions NbS for Supporting Sustainable Development”, in which an agreed definition of NbS was given, recognizing their important role in the global response to climate change and its social, economic, and environmental effects. Forest ecosystems, including natural forests, managed forests, agroforestry systems, and urban and peri-urban forests, can be considered as multifunctional NbS, delivering key ecosystem services to people and supporting biodiversity. However, for the effective implementation and mainstreaming of forests as NbS, several research gaps still need to be addressed.This collection of papers presents relevant results from scientific researchers about the ecosystem services provided by forests in natural and urban contexts, encompassing not only providing services, but also regulation and maintenance services, such as carbon and air pollution sink, as well as recreational services. The impacts of environmental changes on forest multifunctionality and services provision are also investigated. Case studies for monetary valuation, willingness to pay for ecosystem services, and cost/benefit analyses are presented. The potential trade-offs and synergies between services, which might result from different stakeholders’ perspective and management strategies, are identified and critically discussed, adopting a science–policy interface approach.
Research & information: general --- Environmental economics --- climate change mitigation and adaptation --- air quality --- water quality --- recreation --- plant functional traits --- land-use planning --- forest management and restoration --- protected areas --- monetary valuation and accounting --- socio-economic benefits --- air purification --- deliberation --- forest ecosystems --- economic valuation --- social valuation --- crown conditions --- delayed mortality --- heat and drought waves --- long-term monitoring --- ICP Forests --- crown recovery --- economic value --- recreational services --- tourist satisfaction --- national forest parks --- ecosystem services --- national nature reserve --- spatiotemporal dynamics --- trade-off --- synergy --- human health --- human well-being --- urban sustainability --- green deal --- urban forests --- green roofs --- multifunctionality --- SOFRs --- FMI --- carbon sink --- efficiency --- GIS --- RS --- carbon neutrality --- air pollution removal --- carbon sequestration --- auction price --- payments for ecosystem services --- Xin’an River Basin
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This volume examines the applicability of nature-based solutions in ecological restoration practice and in contemporary landscape architecture by bringing together ecology and architecture in the built environment. Green infrastructure is used to address urban challenges such as climate change adaptation, disaster risk reduction, and stormwater management. In addition, thermal comfort nature-based solutions reintroduce critical connections between natural and urban systems. In light of ongoing developments in sustainable urban development, the goal is a paradigm shift towards a landscape that restores and rehabilitates urban ecosystems. The ten contributions to this book examine a wide range of successful cases of designing healthier, greener and more resilient landscapes in different geographical contexts, from the United States of America and Brazil, through various European regions, to Singapore and China. While some chapters attempt to conceptualize the interconnections between cities and nature, others clearly have an empirical focus. Therefore, this volume provides a rich body of work and acts as a starting point for further studies on restoration of ecosystems and integrative policies such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Research & information: general --- Geography --- building-integrated photovoltaics --- vertical farming --- shading devices --- design optimisation --- low-carbon architecture --- multi-criteria decision assessment --- old field succession --- tree establishment --- microclimate --- plant-soil interactions --- soil nutrients --- Lapalala Wilderness --- life cycle costs --- stormwater management --- storm water management model --- natural hazard insurance --- climate change adaptation --- disaster risk reduction --- nature-based solutions --- nature assurance scheme --- insurance value of ecosystems --- flood risk reduction --- thermal comfort enhancement --- microclimatic simulations --- Mike Urban --- ENVI-met --- ecological security --- driving force --- yangtze river urban agglomeration --- sustainable tourism --- smart tourism --- mobile applications --- nature recreation --- green infrastructure --- stakeholder participation --- collaborative governance --- urban sustainability --- citizen perceptions --- coastal restoration --- oyster --- marsh --- seagrass --- restoration success --- coastal habitat --- exotic species --- urban biodiversity --- urban ecosystems --- carbon neutral cities
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