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This study "Opportunities for Improving Urban Service Delivery in South Sudan: A Tale of Two Cities" comprises a 3 part series. Part I-Service Delivery Status Report-gives a general overview of the service delivery models currently operating the country. Part II-International Case Studies analyzes alternative service delivery models from other countries that are relevant to South Sudan. Part III-Synthesis Report-builds on the first two and investigates models of alternative service delivery in the context of urban South Sudan. Millions of people in the world's newest country, in both urban and rural areas, depend on services delivered wholly or partly by nongovernment entities in this highly fragile, fluid, and often insecure environment that has been mired in conflict and economic challenges since gaining its independence six years ago. The objective of this research is to: identify and analyze successful models of service delivery in select urban areas of South Sudan that can be supported and replicated; recommend relevant international examples of service delivery models that are appropriate to the South Sudanese context; and identify the appropriate role of government in these alternative delivery models. Across the various models identified, this study examines the cost and quality of services provided; access to these services; and the accountability relationships involved in these models.

Education --- Primary Education --- Urban Development --- Urban Health --- Urban Poverty --- Urban Services to the Poor --- Urban Water and Waste Management

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In 2016, the Government of Bulgaria (GoB) decided to initiate spending reviews (RS) to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of its spending in the context of a moderate fiscal consolidation process. Although Bulgaria has one of the lowest overall spending in the European Union (EU), spending outcomes lag those of other EU member states. In the case of waste management, Bulgaria spends the most among comparable EU countries, but outcomes could be significantly improved. Still a large part (48 percent in 2016 ) of municipal solid waste generated is landfilled even though waste management infrastructure is under development. To help address these challenges the Ministry of Finance (MoF) requested analytical and advisory support from the World Bank. Such support was intended to identify spending pressures and potential efficiency and effectiveness gains in waste management. In contrast to most spending reviews, where saving targets are identified upfront and the primary objective is to find ways of reducing the budget, the primary objective of this review is to increase performance and use any savings derived from efficiency gains for additional priority spending on waste management. A secondary objective is for this SR to help increase the transparency of spending on waste management, as information on spending categories by activity and municipality has not been analyzed until now.

Municipal Financial Management --- Public Sector Development --- Public Spending --- Urban Development --- Urban Water and Waste Management --- Waste Disposal and Utilization --- Waste Management --- Water Supply and Sanitation

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Since 2015, a year of the adoption of the Waste Management Code, Georgia has achieved significant progress towards an integrated solid waste management system. Regardless, there are several solid waste management challenges that the country struggles to overcome and is far from meeting the ambitious targets detailed in the National Solid Waste Management Strategy, which is harmonized with European Union standards. Some of the challenges include the need for improving waste collection coverage; reducing waste quantities in landfills; managing waste in an environmentally sound, safe manner; eliminating illegal dumping and littering through better waste collection, monitoring, and law enforcement; transforming municipal solid waste (MSW) management service delivery organizations from almost fully subsidized entities into truly autonomous, self-sufficient organizations with full cost-recovery; and introducing circular economy principles, including those for waste prevention, re-use, redesign, recycling and recovery. With a view to identify key solid waste sector gaps looking at the sector holistically and suggest short to longer-term interventions together with required investments, in mid-January 2021 the World Bank launched a solid waste sector study. The study was carried out by a team of local and international experts using combined methods of a desk review of existing literature and data, interviews with key decision-makers (e.g. representatives of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Agriculture (MEPA), Solid Waste Management Company of Georgia (SWMCG) and cleaning /amenity services of local municipalities), questionnaire surveys of local municipalities, a gap analysis and, a spatial analysis via application of Geo-Information Systems (GIS). This paper seeks to assess high-level, solid waste management in Georgia to identify gaps in implementation of the National Waste Management Strategy (NWMS) and National Waste Management Action Plan (NWMAP) and to propose solutions linked to an operational roadmap and a program for short-, medium-, and long-term interventions for hard and soft investments.

Brown Issues and Health --- Environment --- Pollution Management and Control --- Urban Development --- Urban Water and Waste Management --- Waste Disposal and Utilization --- Water Supply and Sanitation

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This document provides background and guidance on how to design and implement shared, communal and public sanitation facilities, with a focus on operation and management models that support long-term service provision. The document draws on good experiences from across the globe and reflects lessons learned from design and implementation experiences - both positive and negative - in a range of countries. The document provides guidance for service providers (whether private or public-sector entities) as well as service authorities (i.e., those who regulate/oversee the service providers) and also has a section detailing shared and public sanitation from the user perspective, including consideration of special needs of some user groups, including people with disabilities, women, the elderly, et cetera The document includes a number of decision trees that help designers and implementers understand key tasks to be undertaken and/or decisions to be made at different steps during the design and implementation process. In addition to the main body of the document, there are a series of annexes, which include resources to further support the design and implementation of facilities. A thorough literature review was undertaken for this work and the full list of literature reviewed is included in one of the appendixes.

Sustainable Development Goals --- Urban Development --- Urban Services To The Poor --- Urban Water And Waste Management --- Urban Water Supply And Sanitation --- Water Supply And Sanitation

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This study "Opportunities for Improving Urban Service Delivery in South Sudan: A Tale of Two Cities" comprises a 3 part series. Part I-Service Delivery Status Report-gives a general overview of the service delivery models currently operating the country. Part II-International Case Studies analyzes alternative service delivery models from other countries that are relevant to South Sudan. Part III-Synthesis Report-builds on the first two and investigates models of alternative service delivery in the context of urban South Sudan. Millions of people in the world's newest country, in both urban and rural areas, depend on services delivered wholly or partly by nongovernment entities in this highly fragile, fluid, and often insecure environment that has been mired in conflict and economic challenges since gaining its independence six years ago. The objective of this research is to: identify and analyze successful models of service delivery in select urban areas of South Sudan that can be supported and replicated; recommend relevant international examples of service delivery models that are appropriate to the South Sudanese context; and identify the appropriate role of government in these alternative delivery models. Across the various models identified, this study examines the cost and quality of services provided; access to these services; and the accountability relationships involved in these models.

Education --- Primary Education --- Urban Development --- Urban Governance and Management --- Urban Health --- Urban Services to the Poor --- Urban Water and Waste Management