Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The paper provides an empirical investigation of labor market pooling. The analysis concentrates on Italian industrial districts and shows that there is scattered evidence of a widespread wage premium. In particular, there is no evidence of district differentials for the returns to seniority while there is evidence of negative differentials for the returns to education. Moreover, dwelling in a district has no impact on the probability of being self-employed and only a minor impact on the likelihood of transiting from wage-and-salary to self-employment. Finally, there is no evidence of higher district worker mobility across jobs.

Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity --- Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Regional Migration --- Regional Labor Markets --- Population --- Labor Demand --- Wage Level and Structure --- Wage Differentials --- Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility --- Promotion --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Labor Economics: General --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Education: General --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Labour --- income economics --- Education --- Labor markets --- Self-employment --- Labor market --- Labor economics --- Self-employed --- Economic theory --- Italy --- Income economics

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Growing regional inequality within countries has raised the perception that “some places and people” are left behind. This has prompted a shift toward inward-looking policies and away from pro-growth reforms. This paper presents novel stylized facts on regional inequality for OECD countries. It shows that regional disparity in per-capita GDP is large (even after adjusting for regional price differences), persistent, and widening over time. The paper also finds that rising nationwide income inequality is associated with both rising within-region income inequality and widening average income across regions. The rise in inequality is related to declining incentives for interregional labor mobility, especially for poor households in lagging regions, which are estimated to reduce by as much as one-third in the United States. Against these facts, the paper proposes a framework to identify whether, how and by whom fiscal policies can be used to tackle regional inequality. It outlines conditions under which those policies should be spatially-targeted and illustrates how they can be complementary to conventional means-testing methods in mitigating income inequality.

Fiscal policy. --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Government policy --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement --- Fiscal Policy --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Intergovernmental Relations --- Federalism --- Secession --- Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity --- Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Regional Migration --- Regional Labor Markets --- Population --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Geographic Labor Mobility --- Immigrant Workers --- Labour --- income economics --- Income inequality --- Personal income --- Income distribution --- Fiscal redistribution --- Labor mobility --- National accounts --- Income --- United States --- Income economics

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper proposes an approach to setting fiscal policy that factors in the longer-term budgetary pressures that countries face owing, in particular, to population aging and rising health care costs. The approach attempts to overcome the difficulties in evaluating economic trade-offs and social welfare over extended periods. Long-term fiscal projections from the "Intergenerational Report" published as part of the Australian budget in May 2002 are used in a simple model of the Australian economy to illustrate some of the longer-term trade-offs that need to be considered in framing budgets over the medium term. These illustrative simulations, in particular, point out the importance of smoothing fiscal adjustment over time and, hence, the need for careful planning. Smoothing fiscal adjustment, however, raises a new set of questions regarding burden sharing across generations and what costs should be shared.

Aging --- Population --- Medical care, Cost of. --- Cost of medical care --- Health care costs --- Health care expenditures --- Medical care --- Medical costs --- Medical expenses --- Medical service, Cost of --- Medicine --- Medical economics --- Medical savings accounts --- Economic aspects. --- Costs --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Demography --- Fiscal Policy --- Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Regional Migration --- Regional Labor Markets --- National Government Expenditures and Health --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Economics of the Elderly --- Economics of the Handicapped --- Non-labor Market Discrimination --- Public finance & taxation --- Population & demography --- Fiscal policy --- Public debt --- Health care spending --- Fiscal consolidation --- Expenditure --- Population and demographics --- Debts, Public --- Population aging --- Expenditures, Public --- Australia

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The coexistence of urban and rural poverty and migration to cities is studied in a dual economy model where the acquisition of skills is costly and involves migration to urban areas. In this model, both the distribution of innate abilities and the distribution of wealth matter for the migration decision, and costs of backmigration may produce an urban poverty trap if unemployment lowers household wealth below the cost of skills acquisition.

Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Emigration and Immigration --- Measurement and Analysis of Poverty --- Human Capital --- Skills --- Occupational Choice --- Labor Productivity --- Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility --- Promotion --- Economic Development: Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis --- Housing --- Infrastructure --- Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Regional Migration --- Regional Labor Markets --- Population --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- International Migration --- Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Labour --- income economics --- Migration, immigration & emigration --- Wages --- Human capital --- Migration --- Unemployment --- Income --- Population and demographics --- National accounts --- Emigration and immigration --- Nigeria --- Income economics

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This study examines the socio-economic impact of special economic zones (SEZs) in Cambodia---a prominent place-based policy established in 2005. The paper employs a database on existing and future SEZs in Cambodia with matched household surveys at the district level and documents stylized facts on SEZs in a low-income country setting. To identify causal effects of the SEZ program, the paper (i) constructs an alternative control group including future SEZ program participants and districts adjacent to SEZ hosts; and (ii) employs a propensity score weighting technique. The study finds that entry of SEZs disproportionately benefits female workers and leads to a decline of income inequality at a district level. However, the findings also suggest that land values in SEZ districts tend to rise while wage levels remain largely unchanged relative to other districts. In addition, the paper tests for socio-economic spillovers to surrounding areas and for agglomeration effects associated with clusters of multiple SEZs.

Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Women''s Studies' --- Taxation --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Economic Development: Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis --- Housing --- Infrastructure --- Industrial Policy --- Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Regional Migration --- Regional Labor Markets --- Population --- Regional Development Policy --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Education: General --- Economics of Gender --- Non-labor Discrimination --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Labour --- income economics --- Education --- Gender studies --- women & girls --- Public finance & taxation --- Income --- Income inequality --- Labor markets --- National accounts --- Women --- Gender --- Economic theory --- Income distribution --- Labor market --- Cambodia