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This volume combines psycholinguistic experiments with typological investigations in order to provide a comprehensive exploration of the linguistic structure of verb-number agreement in bilingual speakers, with a particular focus on the Turkish language. It takes as its starting point the question of which linguistic structures pose difficulties for bilingual speakers, and then proceeds to evaluate the question by using the interface phenomenon of optional verb number agreement. In doing so, this volume investigates how the bilingual mind handles grammatical structures that demand high processing sources, working towards a processing-based linguistic framework for the bilingual mind.  Beginning with a thorough survey of the current research of the interface phenomenon in the bilingual mind, the volume then proceeds to present two separate studies on each linguistic interface type, namely semantics-syntax interface and syntax-pragmatics interface, thus filling a number of gaps in the bilingualism research with regards to the interface phenomenon The results and conclusions of these studies are then integrated with current knowledge and research from the field within a theoretical and processing-based framework in order to explore new psycholinguistic insights for the bilingual mind, specifically the conclusion that the grammar of bilingual speakers is shaped according to cross linguistic tendencies. Ultimately, it provides a unified account and a comprehensive conclu sion regarding the non-native-like patterns in grammar of bilingual speakers. Serving as a fascinating and timely resource, Competing Structures in the Bilingual Mind: An Investigation of Optional Verb Number Agreement will appeal to bilingualism researchers, clinical linguists, cognitive scientists, experimental linguists, and any linguist specializing in Turkic or Altaic languages.

Philology & Linguistics --- Languages & Literatures --- Bilingualism --- Psycholinguistics. --- Pschycological aspects. --- Language, Psychology of --- Language and languages --- Psychology of language --- Speech --- Psychological aspects --- Psychology --- Linguistics --- Thought and thinking --- Languages in contact --- Multilingualism --- Grammar, Comparative and general. --- Consciousness. --- Ural-Altaic languages. --- Syntax. --- Cognitive Psychology. --- Uralic-Altaic Languages. --- Scythian languages --- Turanian languages --- Altaic languages --- Samoyedic languages --- Apperception --- Mind and body --- Perception --- Philosophy --- Spirit --- Self --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Philosophical grammar --- Philology --- Grammar, Comparative --- Cognitive psychology. --- Psychology, Cognitive --- Cognitive science --- Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax --- Syntax

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Sensitivity to languages is central to any serious analysis of inequality between Global North and Global South. Development NGOs and Languages is a long overdue intervention in this area, exploring urgent questions of interpreting and translation in the work of international NGOs. Drawing on extensive geographical and institutional case studies, the book recasts development as an inherently multilingual operation. The result is essential reading for scholars and practitioners in this field. – Charles Forsdick, AHRC Theme Leadership Fellow, Translating Cultures This book addresses, for the first time, the question of how development NGOs attempt to 'listen' to communities in linguistically diverse environments. NGOs are under increasing pressure to demonstrate that they 'listen' to the people and communities that they are trying to serve, but this can be an immensely challenging task where there are significant language and cultural differences. However, until now, there has been no systematic study of the role of foreign languages in development work. The authors present findings based on interviews with a wide range of NGO staff and government officials, NGO archives, and Southern NGOs in Malawi, Peru and Kyrgyzstan.They suggest ways in which NGOs can reform their language policies to listen to the recipients of aid more effectively. Angela M. Crack is Reader in Civil Society at the University of Portsmouth. Her publications focus on her research specialism of NGO accountability, particularly regarding issues of self-regulation and accountability to beneficiaries. Hilary Footitt is Hon. Research Fellow in the Department of Languages and Cultures, University of Reading, and PI for the AHRC funded project: 'The Listening Zones of NGOs: Languages and Cultural Knowledge in development programmes'. She has written widely on languages in war and conflict, and is the co-editor of the Palgrave ‘Languages at War’ series. Wine Tesseur is a Marie Skłodowska-Curie and Irish Research Council postdoctoral Fellow in the School of Applied Language and Intercultural Studies at Dublin City University, where she conducts research in collaboration with the Irish NGO GOAL on ‘Translation as Empowerment: Translation as a contributor to human rights in the Global South‘. Her research specialism is translation policies in NGOs.

Non-governmental organizations. --- INGOs (International agencies) --- International non-governmental organizations --- NGOs (International agencies) --- Nongovernmental organizations --- Organizations, Non-governmental (International agencies) --- Private and voluntary organizations (International agencies) --- PVOs (International agencies) --- International agencies --- Nonprofit organizations --- Economic policy. --- Economic development. --- Social change. --- Economic development—Environmental aspects. --- Linguistic minorities. --- Ural-Altaic languages. --- Development Policy. --- Development and Social Change. --- Development and Sustainability. --- Minority Languages. --- Uralic-Altaic Languages. --- Scythian languages --- Turanian languages --- Altaic languages --- Samoyedic languages --- Minority languages --- Language and languages --- Minorities --- Sociolinguistics --- Change, Social --- Cultural change --- Cultural transformation --- Societal change --- Socio-cultural change --- Social history --- Social evolution --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Political aspects --- Minoritized languages