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Students --- Etudiants --- Political activity --- Activité politique --- China --- Chine --- History --- Histoire --- 378.4 <51> --- 378.18 <51> --- -Pupils --- School life --- Student life and customs --- Persons --- Education --- Universiteiten--China --- Studenten: statuut. Maatschappelijke problemen van studenten--China --- -378.4 <51> --- -Universiteiten--China --- 378.4 <51> Universiteiten--China --- -Students --- Activité politique --- Cina --- Kinë --- Cathay --- Chinese National Government --- Chung-kuo kuo min cheng fu --- Republic of China (1912-1949) --- Kuo min cheng fu (China : 1912-1949) --- Chung-hua min kuo (1912-1949) --- Kina (China) --- National Government (1912-1949) --- China (Republic : 1912-1949) --- People's Republic of China --- Chinese People's Republic --- Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo --- Central People's Government of Communist China --- Chung yang jen min cheng fu --- Chung-hua chung yang jen min kung ho kuo --- Central Government of the People's Republic of China --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo --- Zhong hua ren min gong he guo --- Kitaĭskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- Činská lidová republika --- RRT --- Republik Rakjat Tiongkok --- KNR --- Kytaĭsʹka Narodna Respublika --- Jumhūriyat al-Ṣīn al-Shaʻbīyah --- RRC --- Kitaĭ --- Kínai Népköztársaság --- Chūka Jinmin Kyōwakoku --- Erets Sin --- Sin --- Sāthāranarat Prachāchon Čhīn --- P.R. China --- PR China --- Chung-kuo --- Zhongguo --- Zhonghuaminguo (1912-1949) --- Zhong guo --- République Populaire de Chine --- República Popular China --- Catay --- VR China --- VRChina --- 中國 --- 中国 --- 中华人民共和国 --- Jhongguó --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaxu Dundadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaqu Dumdadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Dundad Ard Uls --- Khi︠a︡tad --- Kitad --- Dumdadu Ulus --- Dumdad Uls --- Думдад Улс --- Kitajska

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378.4 <510 BEIJING> --- 378.4-055.2 --- Universiteiten--China--BEIJING --- Universiteiten--?-055.2 --- Women --- Education --- History. --- 378.4-055.2 Universiteiten--?-055.2 --- History --- Human females --- Wimmin --- Woman --- Womon --- Womyn --- Females --- Human beings --- Femininity --- Education&delete& --- Yanjing da xue --- Yen-ching ta hsüeh --- Yen-ching ta hsüeh, Peking --- Yenching University --- Yan jing da xue --- Yan da --- Yanjing-Universität --- 燕京大学 --- 燕京大學 --- Huabei xie he nü zi da xue --- China --- 378.4-055.2 Universiteiten--Gender. Vrouwen-055.2 --- Universiteiten--Gender. Vrouwen-055.2 --- Femmes --- Yenching university --- Chine --- Histoire

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In the summer of 1937, Japanese troops occupied the campuses of Beijing’s two leading universities, Beida and Qinghua, and reduced Nankai, in Tianjin, to rubble. These were China's leading institutions of higher learning, run by men educated in the West and committed to modern liberal education. The three universities first moved to Changsha, 900 miles southwest of Beijing, where they joined forces. But with the fall of Nanjing in mid-December, many students left to fight the Japanese, who soon began bombing Changsha. In February 1938, the 800 remaining students and faculty made the thousand-mile trek to Kunming, in China’s remote, mountainous southwest, where they formed the National Southwest Associated University (Lianda). In makeshift quarters, subject to sporadic bombing by the Japanese and shortages of food, books, and clothing, students and professors did their best to conduct a modern university. In the next eight years, many of China’s most prominent intellectuals taught or studied at Lianda. This book is the story of their lives and work under extraordinary conditions. Lianda’s wartime saga crystallized the experience of a generation of Chinese intellectuals, beginning with epic journeys, followed by years of privation and endurance, and concluding with politicization, polarization, and radicalization, as China moved from a war of resistance against a foreign foe to a civil war pitting brother against brother. The Lianda community, which had entered the war fiercely loyal to the government of Chiang Kai-shek, emerged in 1946 as a bastion of criticism of China’s ruling Guomindang party. Within three years, the majority of the Lianda community, now returned to its north China campuses in Beijing and Tianjin, was prepared to accept Communist rule. In addition to struggling for physical survival, Lianda’s faculty and students spent the war years striving to uphold a model of higher education in which modern universities, based in large part on the American model, sought to preserve liberal education, political autonomy, and academic freedom. Successful in the face of wartime privations, enemy air raids, and Guomindang pressure, Lianda’s constituent universities eventually succumbed to Communist control. By 1952, the Lianda ideal had been replaced with a politicized and technocratic model borrowed from the Soviet Union.

Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945 --- Education --- Children --- Education, Primitive --- Education of children --- Human resource development --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Civilization --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Schools --- Teaching --- Training --- Education and the war. --- Political aspects --- History --- Xi nan lian he da xue (Kunming Shi, China) --- Qing hua da xue (Beijing, China) --- Beijing da xue --- Nan kai da xue (Tianjin, China) --- Hsi nan lien ho ta hsüeh (Kunming, China) --- Hsi-nan lien ho ta hsüeh, Kunming, China --- Kunming Shi (China). --- National Southwest Associated University (Kunming Shi, China) --- Guo li xi nan lian he da xue (Kunming Shi, China) --- Xi nan lian da (Kunming Shi, China) --- Associated University of the Southwest (Kunming Shi, China) --- Lianda (Kunming Shi, China) --- National Southwest University (Kunming Shi, China) --- Southwest Associated University (Kunming Shi, China) --- 西南联合大学 (昆明市中囯) --- 西南联合大学 (昆明市中国) --- 西南联合大学 (昆明市中國) --- 西南联合大学 (Kuming Shi, China) --- 西南联合大学 (Kunming Shi, China) --- 西南聯合大學 (昆明市中國) --- 西南聯合大學 (昆明市, China) --- 西南聯合大學 (Kunming, China) --- China --- Politics and government --- 378.4 <51 KUNMING> --- 378.4 <51 KUNMING> Universiteiten--China--KUNMING --- Universiteiten--China--KUNMING --- Education and the war --- Xinan lianda (Kunming Shi, China)

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The Tiananmen protests and Beijing massacre of 1989 were a major turning point in recent Chinese history. In this new analysis of 1989, Jeremy Brown tells the vivid stories of participants and victims, exploring the nationwide scope of the democracy movement and the brutal crackdown that crushed it. At each critical juncture in the spring of 1989, demonstrators and decision makers agonized over difficult choices and saw how events could have unfolded differently. The alternative paths that participants imagined confirm that bloodshed was neither inevitable nor necessary. Utilizing a wide range of previously untapped sources and examining how ordinary citizens throughout China experienced the crackdown after the massacre, this ambitious social history sheds fresh light on events that continue to reverberate in China to this day.

China --- History --- Influence. --- Cina --- Kinë --- Cathay --- Chinese National Government --- Chung-kuo kuo min cheng fu --- Republic of China (1912-1949) --- Kuo min cheng fu (China : 1912-1949) --- Chung-hua min kuo (1912-1949) --- Kina (China) --- National Government (1912-1949) --- China (Republic : 1912-1949) --- People's Republic of China --- Chinese People's Republic --- Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo --- Central People's Government of Communist China --- Chung yang jen min cheng fu --- Chung-hua chung yang jen min kung ho kuo --- Central Government of the People's Republic of China --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo --- Zhong hua ren min gong he guo --- Kitaĭskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- Činská lidová republika --- RRT --- Republik Rakjat Tiongkok --- KNR --- Kytaĭsʹka Narodna Respublika --- Jumhūriyat al-Ṣīn al-Shaʻbīyah --- RRC --- Kitaĭ --- Kínai Népköztársaság --- Chūka Jinmin Kyōwakoku --- Erets Sin --- Sin --- Sāthāranarat Prachāchon Čhīn --- P.R. China --- PR China --- PRC --- P.R.C. --- Chung-kuo --- Zhongguo --- Zhonghuaminguo (1912-1949) --- Zhong guo --- Chine --- République Populaire de Chine --- República Popular China --- Catay --- VR China --- VRChina --- 中國 --- 中国 --- 中华人民共和国 --- Jhongguó --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaxu Dundadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaqu Dumdadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Dundad Ard Uls --- BNKhAU --- БНХАУ --- Khi︠a︡tad --- Kitad --- Dumdadu Ulus --- Dumdad Uls --- Думдад Улс --- Kitajska --- China (Republic : 1949- ) --- 378.4 <51> --- 378.18:32 --- 378.18:32 Studenten: statuut. Maatschappelijke problemen van studenten-:-Politiek. Staatskunde. Staatswetenschappen --(algemeen) --- Studenten: statuut. Maatschappelijke problemen van studenten-:-Politiek. Staatskunde. Staatswetenschappen --(algemeen) --- Universiteiten--China