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Expanding universe. --- Quantum cosmology. --- Cosmology --- Quantum theory --- Universe, Expanding --- Astrophysics --- Big bang theory --- Red shift
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"A look up at the night sky reveals a treasury of wonders. Even to the naked eye, the Moon, stars, planets, the Milky Way and even a few star clusters and nebulae illuminate the heavens. For millennia, humans struggled to make sense of what's out there in the Universe, from all we can see to that which lies beyond the limits of even our most powerful telescopes. Beyond the Galaxy traces our journey from an ancient, Earth-centered Universe all the way to our modern, 21st century understanding of the cosmos. Touching on not only what we know but also how we know it, Ethan Siegel takes us to the very frontiers of modern astrophysics and cosmology, from the birth of our Universe to its ultimate fate, and everything in between."--
Expanding universe. --- Astronomy. --- Astrophysics. --- Cosmology. --- Astronomy --- Deism --- Metaphysics --- Astronomical physics --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Universe, Expanding --- Astrophysics --- Big bang theory --- Cosmology --- Red shift
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Expanding universe --- Big bang theory --- Mathematicians --- Lemaître, Georges, --- Scientists --- Universe, Expanding --- Astrophysics --- Cosmology --- Red shift --- Big bang cosmology --- Superdense theory --- Cosmogony --- Lemaître, Georges --- Mathematicians - Belgium - Biography --- Lemaître, Georges, - 1894-1966
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Starting with the description of our home galaxy the Milky Way, this cogently written textbook introduces the reader to the astronomy of galaxies, their structure, active galactic nuclei, evolution and large scale distribution. Then, from the extensive and thorough introduction to modern observational and theoretical cosmology, the text turns to the formation of structures and astronomical objects in the early universe. In particular, Peter Schneider’s Extragalactic Astronomy and Cosmology has the goal of imparting the fundamental knowledge of this fascinating subfield of astronomy, while leading readers to the forefront of astronomical research. But it seeks to accomplish this not only with extensive textual information and insights. In addition, the author’s evident admiration for the workings of the universe that shines through the lines and the many supporting color illustrations will deeply inspire the reader. While this book has grown out of introductory university courses on astronomy and astrophysics, it will not only be appreciated by undergraduate students and lecturers. Through the comprehensive coverage of the field, even graduate students and researchers specializing in related fields will appreciate it as reliable reference.
Galaxies --- Expanding universe. --- Astronomy. --- Cosmology. --- Evolution. --- Astronomy --- Deism --- Metaphysics --- Physical sciences --- Space sciences --- Universe, Expanding --- Astrophysics --- Big bang theory --- Cosmology --- Red shift --- Galactic evolution --- Galaxy evolution --- Evolution --- Galaxy mergers --- Formation --- Astrophysics. --- Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics). --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology. --- Astronomical physics --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Space sciences. --- Science and space --- Space research --- Science
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This thesis presents several significant new results that shed light on two major puzzles of modern cosmology: the nature of inflation, the very early phase of the universe that is thought to have given rise to the large-scale structures that we observe today; and that of the current accelerated expansion. In particular, it develops a clean method for characterizing linear cosmological perturbations for general theories where gravity is modified and/or affected by a new component, called dark energy, responsible for the accelerated expansion. It proposes a new extension to what were long thought to be the most general scalar field theories devoid of instabilities, and demonstrates the robustness of the relation between the energy scale of inflation and the predicted amplitude of gravitational waves. Finally, it consolidates a set of consistency relations between correlation functions of the cosmological density field and investigates the phenomenological consequences of their potential violation. Presented in a clear, succinct and rigorous style, each of these original results is both profound and important and will leave a deep mark on the field.
Physics. --- Dark energy (Astronomy) --- Expanding universe. --- Universe, Expanding --- Astrophysics --- Big bang theory --- Cosmology --- Red shift --- Force and energy --- Cosmology. --- Quantum Field Theories, String Theory. --- Quantum field theory. --- String theory. --- Models, String --- String theory --- Nuclear reactions --- Relativistic quantum field theory --- Field theory (Physics) --- Quantum theory --- Relativity (Physics) --- Astronomy --- Deism --- Metaphysics
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Astrofysica --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomische fysica --- Astrophysics --- Astrophysique --- Big bang cosmology --- Big bang theory --- Big bangcosmologie --- Big bangtheorie --- Big-Bang [Cosmologie du ] --- Big-Bang [Théorie du ] --- Cosmologie [Big bang] --- Cosmologie du Big-Bang --- Expanding universe --- Expansie [Hemelbol] --- Expansion de l'Univers --- Fysica [Astronomische ] --- Hemelbolexpansie --- Oerexplosie --- Physics [Astronomical ] --- Physique astronomique --- Théorie du Big-Bang --- Univers [Expansion de l' ] --- Universe [Expanding ] --- Cosmology --- Big bang --- Cosmologie --- Superdense theory --- Cosmogony --- Astronomy --- Deism --- Metaphysics
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The lectures that four authors present in this volume investigate core topics related to the accelerated expansion of the Universe. The first lecture covers the inflationary period in the very early Universe. The second lecture revolves around the accelerated expansion of the late Universe at redshifts z < 1 due to the enigmatic dark energy that is commonly interpreted as a cosmological constant. The discovery of this accelerated expansion relied on data from type Ia supernovae, so this second lecture is dedicated to the astrophysics of type Ia supernovae and their role in cosmological observations. The third lecture, which seeks alternative explanations of dark energy, deals with modified gravity models. Such theories presently appear to be the most serious competitors to conventional dark-energy models based on a cosmological constant or its time-dependent counterparts arising from a scalar field And the fourth lecture discusses currently available statistical methods that are indispensable for the analysis of cosmological data, thus making them necessary prerequisites for many of the results of modern cosmological research This book is intended to serve as an entry point for graduate students and young researchers into active cosmological research.
Expanding universe --- Cosmology --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Astrophysics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Expanding universe. --- Cosmology. --- Universe, Expanding --- Physics. --- Astrophysics. --- Space sciences. --- Statistics. --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Sciences. --- Statistics for Engineering, Physics, Computer Science, Chemistry and Earth Sciences. --- Astronomy --- Deism --- Metaphysics --- Big bang theory --- Red shift --- Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics). --- Statistical analysis --- Statistical data --- Statistical methods --- Statistical science --- Mathematics --- Econometrics --- Astronomical physics --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Statistics . --- Science and space --- Space research --- Science
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This book presents a high-level study of cosmology with interacting dark energy and no additional fields. It is known that dark energy is not necessarily uniform when other sources of gravity are present: interaction with matter leads to its variation in space and time. The present text studies the cosmological implications of this circumstance by analyzing cosmological models in which the dark energy density interacts with matter and thus changes with the time. The book also includes a translation of a seminal article about the remarkable life and work of E.B. Gliner, the first person to suggest the concept of dark energy in 1965.
Physics. --- Gravitation. --- Cosmology. --- Elementary particles (Physics). --- Quantum field theory. --- Classical and Quantum Gravitation, Relativity Theory. --- Elementary Particles, Quantum Field Theory. --- Dark energy (Astronomy) --- Expanding universe. --- Universe, Expanding --- Astrophysics --- Big bang theory --- Cosmology --- Red shift --- Force and energy --- Quantum theory. --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Relativistic quantum field theory --- Field theory (Physics) --- Quantum theory --- Relativity (Physics) --- Elementary particles (Physics) --- High energy physics --- Nuclear particles --- Nucleons --- Nuclear physics --- Matter --- Antigravity --- Centrifugal force --- Astronomy --- Deism --- Metaphysics --- Properties
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This book is written from the viewpoint of a deep connection between cosmology and particle physics. It presents the results and ideas on both the homogeneous and isotropic Universe at the hot stage of its evolution and in later stages. The main chapters describe in a systematic and pedagogical way established facts and concepts on the early and the present Universe. The comprehensive treatment, hence, serves as a modern introduction to this rapidly developing field of science. To help in reading the chapters without having to constantly consult other texts, essential materials from General Relativity and the theory of elementary particles are collected in the appendices. Various hypotheses dealing with unsolved problems of cosmology, and often alternative to each other, are discussed at a more advanced level. These concern dark matter, dark energy, matter-antimatter asymmetry, etc.
Big bang theory. --- Big bang cosmology --- Superdense theory --- Cosmogony --- Cosmology --- Expanding universe --- Big bang theory --- 539.12 --- 539.12 Elementary and simple particles (charge less than 3 including alpha-rays, beta-rays, gamma-rays as individual particles or as radiation) --- Elementary and simple particles (charge less than 3 including alpha-rays, beta-rays, gamma-rays as individual particles or as radiation) --- Universe, Expanding --- Astrophysics --- Red shift --- Univers --- Big bang. --- Expansion. --- Expanding universe. --- Expansion de l'univers
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The theory of random dynamical systems originated from stochastic differential equations. It is intended to provide a framework and techniques to describe and analyze the evolution of dynamical systems when the input and output data are known only approximately, according to some probability distribution. The development of this field, in both the theory and applications, has gone in many directions. In this manuscript we introduce measurable expanding random dynamical systems, develop the thermodynamical formalism and establish, in particular, the exponential decay of correlations and analyticity of the expected pressure although the spectral gap property does not hold. This theory is then used to investigate fractal properties of conformal random systems. We prove a Bowen’s formula and develop the multifractal formalism of the Gibbs states. Depending on the behavior of the Birkhoff sums of the pressure function we arrive at a natural classification of the systems into two classes: quasi-deterministic systems, which share many properties of deterministic ones; and essentially random systems, which are rather generic and never bi-Lipschitz equivalent to deterministic systems. We show that in the essentially random case the Hausdorff measure vanishes, which refutes a conjecture by Bogenschutz and Ochs. Lastly, we present applications of our results to various specific conformal random systems and positively answer a question posed by Bruck and Buger concerning the Hausdorff dimension of quadratic random Julia sets.
Mathematics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Geometry --- Calculus --- Functions, Meromorphic. --- Gibbs' equation. --- Fractals. --- Expanding universe. --- Universe, Expanding --- Fractal geometry --- Fractal sets --- Geometry, Fractal --- Sets, Fractal --- Sets of fractional dimension --- Equation, Gibbs' --- Meromorphic functions --- Mathematics. --- Dynamics. --- Ergodic theory. --- Dynamical Systems and Ergodic Theory. --- Ergodic transformations --- Continuous groups --- Mathematical physics --- Measure theory --- Transformations (Mathematics) --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Statics --- Math --- Science --- Astrophysics --- Big bang theory --- Cosmology --- Red shift --- Dimension theory (Topology) --- Differential equations --- Phase rule and equilibrium --- Thermodynamics --- Differentiable dynamical systems. --- Differential dynamical systems --- Dynamical systems, Differentiable --- Dynamics, Differentiable --- Global analysis (Mathematics) --- Topological dynamics
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