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"The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) entered into force in 1994 and has since been ratified by about 160 states, including all the Member States of the EU and the EU itself. The Convention defines the rights and duties of national states with regard to the use of the seas. UNCLOS consolidates customary international law and various Conventions previously adopted by the international community. This Treaty, the most comprehensive ever concluded, is often referred to as 'the constitution for the seas'. This Commentary focuses particularly on the interaction between UNCLOS and the European legal order, for example in the field of the prevention or the reduction of environmental pollution and the fair distribution of natural resources."--Bloomsbury Publishing The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) entered into force in 1994 and has since been ratified by about 160 states, including all the Member States of the EU and the EU itself. The Convention defines the rights and duties of national states with regard to the use of the seas. UNCLOS consolidates customary international law and various Conventions previously adopted by the international community. This Treaty, the most comprehensive ever concluded, is often referred to as 'the constitution for the seas'. This Commentary focuses particularly on the interaction between UNCLOS and the European legal order, for example in the field of the prevention or the reduction of environmental pollution and the fair distribution of natural resources

Law of the sea. --- United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea --- United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982 December 10)

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If one uses Facebook, Facetime, Skype, Netflix, or any application of the internet internationally, a submarine cable is involved. Fibre optic cables bind the world together and computer server farms, maintained by major telecom and content companies, allow vast amounts of data to be stored and retrieved from the cloud. Not often appreciated is the fact that these server locations worldwide are connected by submarine fibre optic cables. In this sense, the cloud is beneath the sea. While submarine communication cables have been in steady use since 1850, their preeminent place in the modern world has never been as dominant and personal as now. Recently, calls have mounted in the context of marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ) for centralized control of submarine cables and for express or de facto diminishment of the freedoms related to them via the United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea, that have served the world’s peoples for so long. In International Submarine Cables and Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction , Douglas R. Burnett and Lionel Carter examine the time proven importance of the existing international treaties, the largely peer-reviewed science on the environmental interaction of submarine cables with high seas environments, and the current submarine cable issues in the context of the BBNJ debates.

Cables, Submarine --- Cables, Submarine. --- Marine biodiversity. --- Law of the sea. --- Marine sediments. --- Sediments (Geology) --- Sedimentation and deposition. --- Ocean currents. --- Oceanography. --- Water rights (International law) --- Law and legislation. --- International law --- Oceanography, Physical --- Oceanology --- Physical oceanography --- Thalassography --- Earth sciences --- Marine sciences --- Ocean --- Currents, Oceanic --- Ocean circulation --- Water currents --- Ocean surface topography --- Deposition and sedimentation --- Sedimentary processes --- Physical geology --- Geology --- Physical geography --- Sedimentary rocks --- Sedimentation and deposition --- Marine sediments --- Slackwater deposits --- Bottom deposits (Oceanography) --- Bottom sediments (Oceanography) --- Deep-sea deposits --- Deposits, Deep-sea --- Marine deposits --- Sediments, Marine --- Ocean bottom --- Submarine geology --- High seas, Jurisdiction over --- Marine law --- Ocean law --- Sea, Law of the --- Maritime law --- Territorial waters --- Diversity, Marine biological --- Marine biological diversity --- Aquatic biodiversity --- Ocean cables --- Submarine cables --- Submarine telegraph --- Telegraph, Submarine --- Communication and traffic --- Electric cables --- Telecommunication --- Telegraph --- Law and legislation --- Laws and regulations --- United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982 December 10) --- Law of the sea --- Marine biodiversity conservation --- Biodiversity. --- Communications. --- Internet. --- Marine environment protection. --- Sustainable development. --- Communication, International. --- Marine resources