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freedom of expression --- Article 10.2 of the European Convention of Human Rights --- hate speech --- European Court of Human Rights --- Council of Europe --- United Nations (UN) --- European Union (EU) --- case-law --- judgments --- lawsuits --- legislation --- European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR)

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Residues offers readers a new approach for conceptualizing the environmental impacts of chemicals production, consumption, disposal, and regulation. Environmental protection regimes tend to be highly segmented according to place, media, substance, and effect; academic scholarship often reflects this same segmented approach. Yet, in chemical substances we encounter phenomena that are at once voluminous and miniscule, singular and ubiquitous, regulated yet unruly. Inspired by recent studies of materiality and infrastructures, we introduce “residual materialism” as a framework for attending to the socio-material properties of chemicals and their world-making powers. Tracking residues through time, space, and understanding helps us see how the past has been built into our present chemical environments and future-oriented regulatory systems, why contaminants seem to always evade control, and why the Anthropocene is as inextricably harnessed to the synthesis of carbon into new molecules as it is driven by carbon’s combustion.

Chemical industry --- Chemicals --- Chemistry, Technical --- Chemistry, Technical --- Environmental policy. --- Environmental sociology. --- Pollution. --- Environmental aspects. --- Safety measures. --- Environmental aspects. --- Social aspects. --- chemicals, ecosystem, environment, industrial chemicals, biological persistence, economic, natural substances, Polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs, asbestos, United Nations, UN, Green Cross, International Council of Chemical Trade Associations, global impact, chemicals production, residual materialism, chemical environments, minerals.

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In exploring the special nature of alliances among democracies, Thomas Risse-Kappen argues that the West European and Canadian allies exerted greater influence on American foreign policy during the Cold War than most analysts assume. In so doing, he challenges traditional alliance theories that emphasize strategic interactions and power-based bargaining processes. For a better understanding of the transatlantic relationship, the author proposes that we instead turn to liberal theories of international affairs. Accordingly, liberal democracies are likely to form the "pacific federations" described by Immanuel Kant or "pluralistic security communities" as Karl W. Deutsch suggested. Through detailed case studies, Risse-Kappen shows that the Europeans affected security decisions concerning vital U.S. interest during the 1950-1953 Korean war, the 1958-1963 test ban negotiations, and the 1962 Cuban missile crisis--all during a span of time in which the U.S. enjoyed undisputed economic and military supremacy in the alliance. He situates these case studies within a theoretical framework demonstrating that the European influence on decision-making processes in Washington worked through three mechanisms: norms prescribing timely consultations among the allies, use of domestic pressures for leverage in transatlantic interactions, and transnational and transgovernmental coalitions among societal and bureaucratic actors. The book's findings have important repercussions for the post-Cold War era in that they suggest the transatlantic security community is likely to survive the end of the Soviet threat.

Collectieve veiligheid --- Collective security --- Coopération européenne --- European cooperation --- Europese samenwerking --- International security --- Security [Collective ] --- Security [International ] --- Sécurité collective --- Sécurité internationale --- Veiligheid [Collectieve ] --- European cooperation. --- Security, International. --- United States --- Foreign relations --- 1989-1993 --- International relations --- Disarmament --- International organization --- Peace --- International cooperation --- Acheson, Dean. --- Adenauer, Konrad. --- Attlee, Clement Richard. --- Berlin. --- Brandt, Willy. --- Bundy, McGeorge. --- Carter, Jimmy. --- Churchill, Winston. --- Cuban Missile crisis. --- De Gaulle, Charles. --- Eden, Anthony. --- France. --- German Democratic Republic (GDR). --- Great Britain. --- Humphrey, Hubert (Senator). --- India. --- International Monetary Fund (IMF). --- Israel. --- Japan. --- Kant, Immanuel. --- Kennedy, John F. --- Korean War: and allied community. --- Lloyd, Selwyn. --- Macmillan, Harold. --- Menon, Krishna. --- Morgenthau, Hans. --- Pauling, Linus. --- Rusk, Dean. --- Schmidt, Helmut. --- Soviet Union. --- Stevenson, Adlai. --- Thucydides. --- Turkey. --- United Nations (UN). --- Warsaw Pact. --- arms control. --- authoritarian regimes. --- domestic politics. --- détente. --- end of the cold war. --- flexible response. --- leadership beliefs. --- liberal theory. --- neutron bomb. --- norms. --- nuclear war. --- nuclear weapons. --- preferences. --- realism. --- regime analysis. --- security community. --- social constructivism. --- test ban. --- transgovernmental coalitions. --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / International Relations / General.

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Only 25 years after the end of the Cold War, the Western-dominated global order is fading and our hopes that liberal democracy would spread and bring world peace are evaporating. While the West is increasingly preoccupied with its internal problems, threats to global peace have fundamentally changed: wars among nation-states and their alliances, once the dominant scourge of humankind, have almost disappeared and are replaced by a triple threat from intra-state armed conflicts, the failing of nation-states and the rise of belligerent non-state actors. The global peace we felt within our reach in 1991, is escaping us. On Building Peace seeks the answers that the UN Charter can no longer provide. Once meant as a guarantor for peace, the Charter was never designed to deal with intra-state conflicts and today its core principles are eroded. The book makes two rather simple, but possibly unpopular suggestions for preserving future peace: first, we must rescue the nation-state, not despite but because of globalization, and second, we must not further undermine the United Nations, but expand its Charter for dealing collectively with this triple threat. The struggle for survival in a world of limited resources and environmental degradation will deepen intra-state conflicts. We must prevent slipping back into a new round of Cold War-type confrontations and focus on finding collective solutions for building peace. For the sake of billions of people of future generations, we cannot get this wrong.

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