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The aut dedere aut judicare, or “extradite or prosecute” clause is shorthand for a range of clauses that are almost compulsory in international treaties criminalizing conduct, obliging a State to either extradite or prosecute one accused of the crime the subject of the treaty. The obligation has become increasingly central in the emerging legal regime against impunity and has a role in States’ armoury of international criminal enforcement mechanisms. Yet there has been little academic consideration of the sources of the principle, including whether it exists at customary international law, and the scope and operation of the obligation. While the topic is currently being considered by the International Law Commission, this paper seeks to provide some of the empirical research that has to date been missing and to identify the sources and scope of the obligation to extradite or prosecute. The views reflected in this paper are personal and do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations.

Law, Politics & Government --- Law, General & Comparative --- terrorism --- human rights --- conflict security and peacebuilding --- United Nation Security Council --- governance

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This work aims to shed light on the evolution of the Lebanese political arena after the withdrawal of Syrian troops in April 2005 by analyzing the perceptions of Hizballah among members of the Free Patriotic Movement (FPM), as the alliance between the two groups enters its fourth year. Hizballah is generally well portrayed among FPM members although the two constituencies have very few elements in common. Different backgrounds, confessions, political views and cultural traits distinguish them.

Government - Non-U.S. --- Law, Politics & Government --- Government - Asia --- Hizballah (Lebanon) --- History. --- Ḥizb Allāh (Lebanon) --- Hezbollah (Lebanon) --- Hizbollah (Lebanon) --- Mifleget ha-El (Lebanon) --- Hizbullah (Lebanon) --- Hezbullah (Lebanon) --- חזבאללה --- חיזבאללה --- حزب الله --- حزب الله (لبنان) --- حزب الله (Lebanon) --- Hezballah (Lebanon) --- geopolitics --- culture religion and identity --- conflict security and peacebuilding --- United Nation Security Council --- religion --- governance