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To be able to deal with large quantities of intermittent renewable energy sources, network flexibility must be added to allow a phase shift between supply and demand. This flexibility can be found in the coupling between heat and power, which provides demand response potential, and facilitates the decarbonization of the heating sector. To study the interaction between heat and power, a unit-commitment software has been improved with heat demand implementation, such as district heating networks with combined heat and power plants, heat pumps and thermal energy storage, as well as personal heat demand distribution. Moreover, the model presents temperature considerations enabling heat generation from low temperature heat pumps with high efficiency. Multiple scenarios with different heating configurations have been investigated. Their analysis lead to the conclusion that a strong heat and power coupling in a country network benefits to the reduction of its system cost a CO2 emissions.
unit commitment --- heat and power --- chp --- heat pump --- district heating --- heat unit commitment --- thermal energy storage --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Energie
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The power system model PERSEUS-NET-ESS is used to assess the need for daily electricity storage systems in Germany until 2040 under consideration of alternative technologies such as gas turbines or load shift potentials. This investment and dispatch model includes a DC approach of the German transmission grid and, thus, calculates not only the installed storage capacities, but also their optimal allocation.
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As the share of renewable generation increases in electric grids, the traditionally heat driven operation of combined heat and power plants (CHPs) reaches its limits. Thermal storage is required for a flexible operation of CHPs. This work proposes three novel methods to use a heating grid as thermal storage by exploiting its thermal dynamics. These include the first approach proving global optimality, a novel linear formulation of grid dynamics and an easily real world applicable approach.
Electrical engineering --- Fernwärme --- thermische Speicher --- variablenabhängige Verzögerung --- optimale Einsatzplanung --- gemischtganzzahlige Optimierung --- district heating --- thermal storage --- variable dependent time delay --- optimal unit commitment --- mixed integer programming
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Abstract. The growing problem of climate change has risen global concerns about the way of using natural resources and has brought several initiatives such as the EU 2030 targets towards the cleaner energy production and the emissions reduction. The high penetration of Renewable energy Sources (RES) is considered as a remedy to this issue. However the higher integration of RES to the system is a rather challenging task for it's different components. Therefore there is a growing need for the introduction of higher flexibility to the system as a countermeasure for the unpredictable and unstable RES generation. In this report the flexibility potential coming from a portfolio of smart Domestic Hot Water Tanks (DHWT) is investigated. Their ability to provide Active Demand Response (ADR) in order to contribute to the more cost efficient electric system's operation is studied. These systems could allow to modify their electrical load pattern without affecting the final, thermal energy service they deliver, thanks to the thermal inertia of the system. The creation of a general model able to simulate the operation of DHWT is developed. This model is intended to be used in a unit commitment and power dispatch model in order to evaluate the contribution of Demand Side Management (DSM) into the higher RES integration. To accomplish this task first two detailed modeling approaches were followed. The first was was a Rule-Based Control (RBC) strategy able to simulate several thousands individual DHWT. This model was computationally efficient and allowed the simulation of 20000 tanks for 5 days with a sub-hourly operating time scale. The second analytical approach was a linear program (LP) that performed the same computation but for a decreased amount of tanks due to the high computational burden. In both models the ability of a centrally controlled (by an aggregator) portfolio to provide capacity and activation reserves are explored. The two approaches are compared in order to identify benefits and limitations. These models were the main guide towards the modeling of a Virtual Storage Plant (VSP) model. This model is able to follow and simulate the behavior of an increased number of DHWT without much detail. The assumptions made in the VSP model formulation are further explained. The ability of this model to perform in standard conditions and to participate in Demand Response operation are validated through the detailed models. This process lead to the creation of a VSP model that is able to simulate the behavior of a fleet of DHWT. The flexibility that can be offered along with the rate of RES penetration can be investigated by the integration of this model to Dispa-SET, a unit commitment and power dispatch model able to simulate the electric system. Finally a part of this thesis is related to the improvement of the Dispa-SET simulations and the overall computed system's cost. This was performed by collecting yearly generation data available at Entso-e's website from thousands of generation units in Europe. Afterwards several methods were developed in order to acquire important real-time values for the simulation parameters. These methods are tailor made and are explained in detail. To our knowledge this is the first attempt to collect and process real time generation data for European units.
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At present, the impact of distributed energy resources in the operation of power and energy systems is unquestionable at the distribution level, but also at the whole power system management level. Increased flexibility is required to accommodate intermittent distributed generation and electric vehicle charging. Demand response has already been proven to have a great potential to contribute to an increased system efficiency while bringing additional benefits, especially to the consumers. Distributed storage is also promising, e.g., when jointly used with the currently increasing use of photovoltaic panels. This book addresses the management of distributed energy resources. The focus includes methods and techniques to achieve an optimized operation, to aggregate the resources, namely, by virtual power players, and to remunerate them. The integration of distributed resources in electricity markets is also addressed as a main drive for their efficient use.
autonomous operation --- energy management system --- stochastic programming --- co-generation --- Unit Commitment (UC) --- distributed system --- demand-side energy management --- virtual power plant --- Powell direction acceleration method --- average consensus algorithm (ACA) --- transmission line --- interval optimization --- renewable energy --- microgrids --- scheduling --- business model --- non-cooperative game (NCG) --- domestic energy management system --- time series --- energy trading --- decision-making under uncertainty --- Demand Response Unit Commitment (DRUC) --- real-time simulation --- distributed generation --- discrete wavelet transformer --- microgrid (MG) --- probabilistic programming --- optimal bidding --- ac/dc hybrid microgrid --- building energy flexibility --- storage --- uncertainty --- Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO) --- advance and retreat method --- multiplier method --- microgrid --- Demand Response (DR) --- electricity markets --- aggregators --- fault localization --- aggregator --- consensus algorithm --- black start --- microgrid operation --- local controller --- thermal comfort --- diffusion strategy --- optimal operation --- power system restoration (PSR) --- energy flexibility --- ARIMA --- pricing strategy --- clustering --- adaptive droop control --- multi-agent system (MAS) --- hierarchical game --- energy flexibility potential --- demand response
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At present, the impact of distributed energy resources in the operation of power and energy systems is unquestionable at the distribution level, but also at the whole power system management level. Increased flexibility is required to accommodate intermittent distributed generation and electric vehicle charging. Demand response has already been proven to have a great potential to contribute to an increased system efficiency while bringing additional benefits, especially to the consumers. Distributed storage is also promising, e.g., when jointly used with the currently increasing use of photovoltaic panels. This book addresses the management of distributed energy resources. The focus includes methods and techniques to achieve an optimized operation, to aggregate the resources, namely, by virtual power players, and to remunerate them. The integration of distributed resources in electricity markets is also addressed as a main drive for their efficient use.
autonomous operation --- energy management system --- stochastic programming --- co-generation --- Unit Commitment (UC) --- distributed system --- demand-side energy management --- virtual power plant --- Powell direction acceleration method --- average consensus algorithm (ACA) --- transmission line --- interval optimization --- renewable energy --- microgrids --- scheduling --- business model --- non-cooperative game (NCG) --- domestic energy management system --- time series --- energy trading --- decision-making under uncertainty --- Demand Response Unit Commitment (DRUC) --- real-time simulation --- distributed generation --- discrete wavelet transformer --- microgrid (MG) --- probabilistic programming --- optimal bidding --- ac/dc hybrid microgrid --- building energy flexibility --- storage --- uncertainty --- Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO) --- advance and retreat method --- multiplier method --- microgrid --- Demand Response (DR) --- electricity markets --- aggregators --- fault localization --- aggregator --- consensus algorithm --- black start --- microgrid operation --- local controller --- thermal comfort --- diffusion strategy --- optimal operation --- power system restoration (PSR) --- energy flexibility --- ARIMA --- pricing strategy --- clustering --- adaptive droop control --- multi-agent system (MAS) --- hierarchical game --- energy flexibility potential --- demand response
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At present, the impact of distributed energy resources in the operation of power and energy systems is unquestionable at the distribution level, but also at the whole power system management level. Increased flexibility is required to accommodate intermittent distributed generation and electric vehicle charging. Demand response has already been proven to have a great potential to contribute to an increased system efficiency while bringing additional benefits, especially to the consumers. Distributed storage is also promising, e.g., when jointly used with the currently increasing use of photovoltaic panels. This book addresses the management of distributed energy resources. The focus includes methods and techniques to achieve an optimized operation, to aggregate the resources, namely, by virtual power players, and to remunerate them. The integration of distributed resources in electricity markets is also addressed as a main drive for their efficient use.
autonomous operation --- energy management system --- stochastic programming --- co-generation --- Unit Commitment (UC) --- distributed system --- demand-side energy management --- virtual power plant --- Powell direction acceleration method --- average consensus algorithm (ACA) --- transmission line --- interval optimization --- renewable energy --- microgrids --- scheduling --- business model --- non-cooperative game (NCG) --- domestic energy management system --- time series --- energy trading --- decision-making under uncertainty --- Demand Response Unit Commitment (DRUC) --- real-time simulation --- distributed generation --- discrete wavelet transformer --- microgrid (MG) --- probabilistic programming --- optimal bidding --- ac/dc hybrid microgrid --- building energy flexibility --- storage --- uncertainty --- Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO) --- advance and retreat method --- multiplier method --- microgrid --- Demand Response (DR) --- electricity markets --- aggregators --- fault localization --- aggregator --- consensus algorithm --- black start --- microgrid operation --- local controller --- thermal comfort --- diffusion strategy --- optimal operation --- power system restoration (PSR) --- energy flexibility --- ARIMA --- pricing strategy --- clustering --- adaptive droop control --- multi-agent system (MAS) --- hierarchical game --- energy flexibility potential --- demand response --- autonomous operation --- energy management system --- stochastic programming --- co-generation --- Unit Commitment (UC) --- distributed system --- demand-side energy management --- virtual power plant --- Powell direction acceleration method --- average consensus algorithm (ACA) --- transmission line --- interval optimization --- renewable energy --- microgrids --- scheduling --- business model --- non-cooperative game (NCG) --- domestic energy management system --- time series --- energy trading --- decision-making under uncertainty --- Demand Response Unit Commitment (DRUC) --- real-time simulation --- distributed generation --- discrete wavelet transformer --- microgrid (MG) --- probabilistic programming --- optimal bidding --- ac/dc hybrid microgrid --- building energy flexibility --- storage --- uncertainty --- Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO) --- advance and retreat method --- multiplier method --- microgrid --- Demand Response (DR) --- electricity markets --- aggregators --- fault localization --- aggregator --- consensus algorithm --- black start --- microgrid operation --- local controller --- thermal comfort --- diffusion strategy --- optimal operation --- power system restoration (PSR) --- energy flexibility --- ARIMA --- pricing strategy --- clustering --- adaptive droop control --- multi-agent system (MAS) --- hierarchical game --- energy flexibility potential --- demand response
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Photovoltaics, among the different renewable energy sources (RES), has become more popular. In recent years, however, many research topics have arisen as a result of the problems that are constantly faced in smart-grid and microgrid operations, such as forecasting of the output of power plant production, storage sizing, modeling, and control optimization of photovoltaic systems. Computational intelligence algorithms (evolutionary optimization, neural networks, fuzzy logic, etc.) have become more and more popular as alternative approaches to conventional techniques for solving problems such as modeling, identification, optimization, availability prediction, forecasting, sizing, and control of stand-alone, grid-connected, and hybrid photovoltaic systems. This Special Issue will investigate the most recent developments and research on solar power systems. This Special Issue “Computational Intelligence in Photovoltaic Systems” is highly recommended for readers with an interest in the various aspects of solar power systems, and includes 10 original research papers covering relevant progress in the following (non-exhaustive) fields: Forecasting techniques (deterministic, stochastic, etc.); DC/AC converter control and maximum power point tracking techniques; Sizing and optimization of photovoltaic system components; Photovoltaics modeling and parameter estimation; Maintenance and reliability modeling; Decision processes for grid operators.
artificial neural network --- online diagnosis --- genetic algorithm --- renewable energy --- unit commitment --- photovoltaic panel --- power forecasting --- metaheuristic --- monitoring system --- embedded systems --- firefly algorithm --- tracking system --- MPPT algorithm --- integrated storage --- day-ahead forecast --- solar radiation --- prototype model --- artificial neural networks --- parameter extraction --- thermal image --- thermal model --- solar cell --- PV cell temperature --- evolutionary algorithms --- uncertainty --- battery --- harmony search meta-heuristic algorithm --- single-diode photovoltaic model --- symbiotic organisms search --- photovoltaics --- tilt angle --- smart photovoltaic system blind --- orientation --- photovoltaic --- particle swarm optimization --- analytical methods --- computational intelligence --- statistical errors --- ensemble methods --- solar photovoltaic --- electrical parameters --- demand response --- metaheuristic algorithm
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Worldwide, electricity systems are evolving to adapt to a low-carbon economy in which increasingly more renewable energy resources are being integrated. These changes, in turn, make the development of new methods, tools, and approaches to deal with the operation and planning of electricity systems necessary. On the other hand, new regulations must be developed in order to deal with a wide integration of renewable and distributed energy resources, both from a generation and a network (transmission and distribution) perspective. Furthermore, the natural gas sector is going through significant transformation related mainly to both technological advances and strategic policy decisions. While there is great uncertainty in the future of natural gas within the global energy matrix, it is clear that it will play a major role during the next years as a bridge fuel towards a decarbonized economy. In this context, natural gas systems are undergoing deep transformations, necessitating the development of new tools to operate and plan gas systems as well as new approaches to regulate them. This book, therefore, seeks to contribute to the energy transformation agenda through original contributions focused on both power and natural gas systems, addressing innovative operation and planning methods as well as regulation of both energy systems.
History of engineering & technology --- industrial park integrated energy system --- expansion planning --- natural gas price uncertainty --- regret aversion --- min–max regret value --- distributed solar PV --- financial analysis --- net-energy metering --- investor-owned utility --- earnings --- return on equity --- retail rates --- ratepayer bills --- natural-gas market --- electricity market --- equilibrium analysis --- gas markets --- game theory-Cournot model --- records theory --- entropy --- information theory --- electricity markets --- feasible operation --- medium-term representation --- optimization models --- power systems --- thermal generation --- unit commitment --- portfolio --- portfolio management --- risk --- risk assessment --- energy trading --- power purchase agreements --- PPA --- copula --- wholesale electricity markets --- market design --- bidding formats --- pricing rules --- renewable energy sources --- day-ahead electricity markets --- electricity price forecasting --- fundamental-econometric models --- market structural breaks
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Worldwide, electricity systems are evolving to adapt to a low-carbon economy in which increasingly more renewable energy resources are being integrated. These changes, in turn, make the development of new methods, tools, and approaches to deal with the operation and planning of electricity systems necessary. On the other hand, new regulations must be developed in order to deal with a wide integration of renewable and distributed energy resources, both from a generation and a network (transmission and distribution) perspective. Furthermore, the natural gas sector is going through significant transformation related mainly to both technological advances and strategic policy decisions. While there is great uncertainty in the future of natural gas within the global energy matrix, it is clear that it will play a major role during the next years as a bridge fuel towards a decarbonized economy. In this context, natural gas systems are undergoing deep transformations, necessitating the development of new tools to operate and plan gas systems as well as new approaches to regulate them. This book, therefore, seeks to contribute to the energy transformation agenda through original contributions focused on both power and natural gas systems, addressing innovative operation and planning methods as well as regulation of both energy systems.
industrial park integrated energy system --- expansion planning --- natural gas price uncertainty --- regret aversion --- min–max regret value --- distributed solar PV --- financial analysis --- net-energy metering --- investor-owned utility --- earnings --- return on equity --- retail rates --- ratepayer bills --- natural-gas market --- electricity market --- equilibrium analysis --- gas markets --- game theory-Cournot model --- records theory --- entropy --- information theory --- electricity markets --- feasible operation --- medium-term representation --- optimization models --- power systems --- thermal generation --- unit commitment --- portfolio --- portfolio management --- risk --- risk assessment --- energy trading --- power purchase agreements --- PPA --- copula --- wholesale electricity markets --- market design --- bidding formats --- pricing rules --- renewable energy sources --- day-ahead electricity markets --- electricity price forecasting --- fundamental-econometric models --- market structural breaks
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