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Antifascism has received little attention compared to its enemy. No historian or social scientist has previously attempted to define its nature and history - yet antifascism became perhaps the most powerful ideology of the twentieth century. Michael Seidman fills this gap by providing the first comprehensive study of antifascisms in Spain, France, the UK, and USA, with new interpretations of the Spanish Civil War, French Popular Front, and Second World War. He shows how two types of antifascism - revolutionary and counterrevolutionary - developed from 1936 to 1945. Revolutionary antifascism dominated the Spanish Republic during its civil war and re-emerged in Eastern Europe at the end of World War II. By contrast, counterrevolutionary antifascists were hegemonic in France, Britain, and the USA. In Western Europe, they restored conservative republics or constitutional monarchies based on Enlightenment principles. This innovative examination of antifascism will interest a wide range of scholars and students of twentieth-century history.

Anti-fascist movements --- Anti-fascist resistance --- Underground, Anti-fascist --- Fascism --- History --- Antifascist movements --- Social movements --- Anti-fascist movements.

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This book is the first English-language edition of a collection of writings by one of Italy's most important radical liberals, Piero Gobetti (1901-1926). In thirty-five thought-provoking essays, Gobetti proposes an original and challenging notion of liberalism as a revolutionary theory of both the individual and social and political movements. His theory is of particular relevance in the wake of the collapse of Marxist socialism, as non-Western countries with nonliberal or antiliberal cultural and moral traditions confront the problems of transition toward democracy and liberalism. Gobetti's ideas continue to influence in important ways today's heated debates over the nature of liberalism. Gobetti was the first Italian scholar to identify "two Italy's": one enlightened and modern though small and weak, the other premodern, traditional, and dominant. A witness to the seizure of power by the Fascists, Gobetti became convinced that Italy's hostility to liberalism could be overcome only with a cultural revolution. Endorsing a radical liberalism, he nevertheless believed that the Communists, led by Antonio Gramsci, could play a crucial role in democratizing Italy by helping to develop a secular culture. For a liberal state to subsist and grow, Gobetti argued, there must first be a transformation of both the economic structure and the legal and moral culture of the society.

Liberalism --- Anti-fascist movements --- Anti-fascist resistance --- Underground, Anti-fascist --- Fascism --- Liberal egalitarianism --- Liberty --- Political science --- Social sciences --- History --- Italy --- Politics and government --- liberalisme (overige landen: algemeen) --- fascisme --- Antifascist movements --- Social movements

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'Death to Fascism' focuses on how social justice immigrant activist Louis Adamic went from being a Slovenian peasant to leading a coalition that included black intellectuals and journalists, working-class militants, ethnic community activists, novelists, and radicals who made antifascism the dominant US political culture from the mid-1930s through 1948.

Slovenian Americans --- Historians --- Social reformers --- Anti-fascist movements --- Anti-fascist resistance --- Underground, Anti-fascist --- Fascism --- Slovene Americans --- Ethnology --- Slovenes --- Adamic, Louis, --- Adamic, Alojzij, --- Adamič, Alojz, --- Political and social views. --- Antifascist movements --- Social movements

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German literature --- Communism --- Anti-fascist movements --- Anti-fascist resistance --- Underground, Anti-fascist --- Fascism --- Bolshevism --- Communist movements --- Leninism --- Maoism --- Marxism --- Trotskyism --- Collectivism --- Totalitarianism --- Post-communism --- Socialism --- Village communities --- Antifascist movements --- Social movements

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Antifascism is usually described as either a political ideology of activists and intellectuals confronting the dictatorships of Hitler and Mussolini, or as a cynical tool that justified the Stalinist expansion of communism in Europe. Andreas Agocs widens our understanding of antifascism by placing it in the context of twentieth-century movements of 'cultural renewal'. He explores the concept of 'antifascist humanism', the attempt by communist and liberal intellectuals and artists to heal the divisions of Nazism by reviving the 'other Germany' of classical Weimar. This project took intellectual shape in German exile communities in Europe and Latin America during World War II and found its institutional embodiment in the Cultural League for Democratic Renewal in Soviet-occupied Berlin in 1945. During the emerging Cold War, antifascist humanism's uneasy blend of twentieth-century mass politics and cultural nationalism became the focal point of new divisions in occupied Germany and the early German Democratic Republic. This study traces German traditions of cultural renewal from their beginnings in antifascist activism to their failure in the emerging Cold War.

Exiles --- Humanism --- Anti-fascist movements --- Anti-fascist resistance --- Underground, Anti-fascist --- Fascism --- Philosophy --- Classical education --- Classical philology --- Philosophical anthropology --- Renaissance --- Persons --- Aliens --- Deportees --- Refugees --- Political activity --- History --- Political aspects --- Kulturbund zur Demokratischen Erneuerung Deutschlands --- Cultural League for the Democratic Renewal of Germany --- Deutscher Kulturbund --- History. --- Germany --- Third Reich, 1933-1945 --- Politics and government --- Cultural policy. --- Intellectual life --- Nationalism --- Antifascist movements --- Social movements