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This volume is dedicated to eliciting the interactions between localities across late antique and early medieval Europe and the wider Mediterranean. Significant research has been done in recent years to explore how late “Roman” and post-“Roman” cities, towns and other localities communicated vis-à-vis larger structural phenomena, such as provinces, empires, kingdoms, institutions and so on. This research has contributed considerably to our understanding of the place of the city in its context, but tends to portray the city as a necessarily subordinate conduit within larger structures, rather than an entity in itself, or as a hermeneutical object of enquiry. Consequently, not enough research has been committed to examining how local people and communities thought about, engaged with, and struggled against nearby or distant urban neighbors.Urban Interactions addresses this lacuna in urban history by presenting articles that apply a diverse spectrum of approaches, from archaeological investigation to critical analyses of historiographical and historical biases and developmental consideration of antagonisms between ecclesiastical centers. Through these avenues of investigation, this volume elucidates the relationship between the urban centers and their immediate hinterlands and neighboring cities with which they might vie or collaborate. This entanglement and competition, whether subterraneous or explicit across overarching political, religious or other macro categories, is evaluated through a broad geographical range of late “Roman” provinces and post-“Roman” states to maintain an expansive perspective of developmental trends within and about the city.

Medieval European archaeology --- Urban economics --- early middle ages --- late antiquity --- mediterranean --- visigoths --- urbanism --- vandals --- commerce --- umayyads

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This volume is dedicated to eliciting the interactions between localities across late antique and early medieval Europe and the wider Mediterranean. Significant research has been done in recent years to explore how late “Roman” and post-“Roman” cities, towns and other localities communicated vis-à-vis larger structural phenomena, such as provinces, empires, kingdoms, institutions and so on. This research has contributed considerably to our understanding of the place of the city in its context, but tends to portray the city as a necessarily subordinate conduit within larger structures, rather than an entity in itself, or as a hermeneutical object of enquiry. Consequently, not enough research has been committed to examining how local people and communities thought about, engaged with, and struggled against nearby or distant urban neighbors.Urban Interactions addresses this lacuna in urban history by presenting articles that apply a diverse spectrum of approaches, from archaeological investigation to critical analyses of historiographical and historical biases and developmental consideration of antagonisms between ecclesiastical centers. Through these avenues of investigation, this volume elucidates the relationship between the urban centers and their immediate hinterlands and neighboring cities with which they might vie or collaborate. This entanglement and competition, whether subterraneous or explicit across overarching political, religious or other macro categories, is evaluated through a broad geographical range of late “Roman” provinces and post-“Roman” states to maintain an expansive perspective of developmental trends within and about the city.

Medieval European archaeology --- Urban economics --- early middle ages --- late antiquity --- mediterranean --- visigoths --- urbanism --- vandals --- commerce --- umayyads

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Banu 'Umajja --- Omayyads --- Omayyads in Spain --- Omeyyades --- Ommajjaden --- Ommeyyades d'Espagne --- Ommiads --- Umayyad dynasty --- Umayyades --- Umayyads --- Muslims --- Musulmans --- Biography. --- Biographies --- 'Abd al-Rahman --- Spain --- Espagne --- History --- Histoire --- Caliphs --- ʻAbd al-Raḥmān --- Abd al-Rahman III --- Biography --- Islamic Empire --- Kings and rulers --- 711-1516 --- Cordoba (Spain) --- Caliphs - Biography. --- Muslims - Spain - Biography.

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In this bold approach to late antiquity, Garth Fowden shows how, from the second-century peak of Rome's prosperity to the ninth-century onset of the Islamic Empire's decline, powerful beliefs in One God were used to justify and strengthen "world empires." But tensions between orthodoxy and heresy that were inherent in monotheism broke the unitary empires of Byzantium and Baghdad into the looser, more pluralistic commonwealths of Eastern Christendom and Islam. With rare breadth of vision, Fowden traces this transition from empire to commonwealth, and in the process exposes the sources of major cultural contours that still play a determining role in Europe and southwest Asia.

Religion and civilization. --- Monotheism. --- Religion et civilisation --- Monothéisme --- Byzantine Empire --- Islamic Empire --- Rome --- Empire byzantin --- Empire islamique --- Civilization. --- Civilization --- Christian influences. --- Civilisation --- Influence chrétienne --- Rome (Italy) --- Monotheism --- Religion and civilization --- Civilization and religion --- God --- Pantheism --- Polytheism --- Religion --- Theism --- Trinity --- -Civilization --- -Rome --- Arab countries --- Arab Empire --- Empire, Islamic --- Middle East --- Muslim Empire --- -Christian influences. --- History --- Monothéisme --- Influence chrétienne --- Rim --- Roman Empire --- Roman Republic (510-30 B.C.) --- Romi (Empire) --- Cywilizacja islamska --- Religia i kultura. --- Monoteizm. --- Rzym (państwo) --- Bizantyjskie, Cesarstwo --- cywilizacja. --- Abbasids. --- Arabia, southern. --- Baghdad. --- Buddhism. --- Caliphate. --- Cappadocia. --- Diocletian, Roman emperor. --- Edessa. --- Ethiopia. --- Ghassanid Arabs. --- Goths. --- Himyar. --- Iberia (Eastern Georgia). --- Indian Ocean. --- Islamic Empire. --- Jerusalem. --- Julian, Roman emperor. --- Kebra Nagast. --- Khusrau I, Sasanian emperor. --- Manichaeism. --- Mazdaism. --- Najran. --- Nestorianism. --- Ottomans. --- Romano-Iranian relations. --- Sasanian Empire. --- Spain. --- Umayyads. --- Zarathushtra. --- commonwealth. --- polytheism. --- Paganisme et christianisme

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"This work offers a fresh assessment of the sources for the prophet Muhammad's life, integrating the earliest non-Muslim and documentary sources with the earliest prophetic biographies written in Arabic during the eighth-ninth centuries C.E. By placing these sources within the intellectual and cultural world of Late Antiquity, the author carves out a methodological approach to studying the historical Muhammad that, though reliant on the methods of critical historical scholarship, strikes a balance between revisionist historical skepticism and naïve historical realism"--

Muhammad, --- Biography --- History and criticism. --- 297.167 --- 297.167 Islam: stichter: Mohammed --- Islam: stichter: Mohammed --- Muḥammad, --- Mahomed, --- Maḥmūd, --- Mahomet, --- Mohammed, --- Magomet, --- Mu-han-mo-te, --- Nabi Muhammad, --- Mukhammed, --- Maometto, --- Mahometto, --- Mohammad, --- Mahoma, --- Muḥamad, --- מוחמד --- מוחמד, --- ، محمد --- النبي محمد --- محمد --- محمد الرسول --- محمد النبي --- محمد، نبي --- محمد، پيامبر --- محمد، --- محمدو --- محمد, --- محمد. --- ممحمد، --- محمد الرسول, --- محمد النبي, --- HISTORY / Ancient / General. --- arabic. --- biography. --- caliph. --- cloister. --- commerce. --- doctrina iacobi. --- early islam. --- faith. --- hadith. --- history. --- islam. --- islamic history. --- keys to paradise. --- late antiquity. --- merchant. --- monk. --- muhammad. --- muslim. --- nonfiction. --- preaching. --- prophet. --- religion. --- religious discourse. --- religious history. --- religious leaders. --- scared texts. --- spirituality. --- trader. --- umayyads. --- vision. --- Muhammad, - Prophet, - -632 - Biography - History and criticism. --- Muhammad, - Prophet, - -632 - Sources. --- Muhammad, - Prophet, - -632