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This book illustrates the history of Atomic Physics and shows how its most recent advances allow the possibility of performing precise measurements and achieving an accurate control on the atomic state. Written in an introductory style, this book is addressed to advanced undergraduate and graduate students, as well as to more experienced researchers who need to remain up-to-date with the most recent advances. The book focuses on experimental investigations, illustrating milestoneexperiments and key experimental techniques, and discusses the results and the challenges of contemporary research.

Quantum optics. --- Optical lattices. --- Quantum theory. --- Physical measurements. --- Ultracold neutrons. --- Nuclear physics. --- Atomic nuclei --- Atoms, Nuclei of --- Nucleus of the atom --- Physics --- Ultra-cold neutrons --- Cold neutrons --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Measurement --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Optoelectronics --- Optics --- Photons --- Quantum theory --- Nuclear physics --- Physique nucléaire

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This book discusses non-equilibrium quantum many-body dynamics, recently explored in an analog quantum simulator of strongly correlated ultracold atoms. The first part presents a field-theoretical analysis of the experimental observability of the Higgs amplitude mode that emerges as a relativistic collective excitation near a quantum phase transition of superfluid Bose gases in an optical lattice potential. The author presents the dynamical susceptibilities to external driving of the microscopic parameters, taking into account a leading-order perturbative correction from quantum and thermal fluctuations and shows clear signatures of the Higgs mode in these observables. This is the first result that strongly supports the stability of the Higgs mode in three-dimensional optical lattices even in the presence of a spatially inhomogeneous confinement potential and paves the way for desktop observations of the Higgs mode. In the second part, the author applies the semi-classical truncated-Wigner approximation (TWA) to far-from-equilibrium quantum dynamics. Specifically, he considers the recent experiments on quantum-quench dynamics in a Bose-Hubbard quantum simulator. A direct comparison shows remarkable agreement between the numerical results from TWA and the experimental data. This result clearly indicates the potential of such a semi-classical approach in reliably simulating many-body systems using classical computers. The book also includes several chapters providing comprehensive reviews of the recent studies on cold-atomic quantum simulation and various theoretical methods, including the Schwinger-boson approach in strongly correlated systems and the phase-space semi-classical method for far-from-equilibrium quantum dynamics. These chapters are highly recommended to students and young researchers who are interested in semi-classical approaches in non-equilibrium quantum dynamics.

Cold gases. --- Ultracold neutrons. --- Quantum systems. --- Quantum theory --- System theory --- Ultra-cold neutrons --- Cold neutrons --- Gases --- Phase transformations (Statistical physics). --- Condensed materials. --- Superconductivity. --- Superconductors. --- Phase transitions (Statistical physics). --- Statistical physics. --- Quantum Gases and Condensates. --- Strongly Correlated Systems, Superconductivity. --- Phase Transitions and Multiphase Systems. --- Statistical Physics and Dynamical Systems. --- Physics --- Mathematical statistics --- Phase changes (Statistical physics) --- Phase transitions (Statistical physics) --- Phase rule and equilibrium --- Statistical physics --- Superconducting materials --- Superconductive devices --- Cryoelectronics --- Electronics --- Solid state electronics --- Electric conductivity --- Critical currents --- Superfluidity --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Liquids --- Matter --- Solids --- Statistical methods --- Materials