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Equilibrium constants. --- Hydrogen bonding. --- IR. --- NMR. --- NQR. --- Non-spectroscopic. --- Raman spectroscopy. --- Thermodynamic properties. --- UV-VIS.
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CFT. --- Coordination compounds. --- Kinetics. --- Ligand field theory. --- Magnetic properties. --- Thermodynamics. --- UV-VIS.
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El lector podrá encontrar en el libro las definiciones más importantes en los procesos de validación de métodos analíticos; acceder a la validación de la demanda química de oxígeno y demanda bioquímica de oxígeno para la determinación del contenido de materia orgánica y biodegradabilidad en aguas residuales de un ingenio azucarero. También, encontrará contribuciones a la evaluación de metales pesados (plomo y cadmio) en agua cruda y potable por espectroscopia de absorción atómica con horno de grafito del acueducto del municipio de Cerrito. Así mismo, la validación del método de análisis para nitratos en agua potable del corregimiento Paso de la bolsa del municipio de Jamundí mediante la técnica de espectroscopia ultravioleta. El libro hace énfasis en la importancia de la medición de los parámetros fisicoquímicos en el proceso de potabilización y control de calidad de agua pozo del Paraíso (Santander de Quilichao) utilizada en una planta de tratamiento de agua y en el seguimiento del crecimiento microbiano en una laguna facultativa de un ingenio azucarero del Valle del Cauca.
Sewage treatment & disposal --- Colombia --- Precisión --- Linealidad --- Validación --- Espectrofotometría --- Metales --- Agua potable --- Trazabilidad --- Espectroscopia UV-Vis --- Potabilización --- Sólidos disueltos --- Coagulantes --- Floculantes --- pH --- Aguas residuales --- Ingenio azucarero --- Laguna facultativa
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El lector podrá encontrar en el libro las definiciones más importantes en los procesos de validación de métodos analíticos; acceder a la validación de la demanda química de oxígeno y demanda bioquímica de oxígeno para la determinación del contenido de materia orgánica y biodegradabilidad en aguas residuales de un ingenio azucarero. También, encontrará contribuciones a la evaluación de metales pesados (plomo y cadmio) en agua cruda y potable por espectroscopia de absorción atómica con horno de grafito del acueducto del municipio de Cerrito. Así mismo, la validación del método de análisis para nitratos en agua potable del corregimiento Paso de la bolsa del municipio de Jamundí mediante la técnica de espectroscopia ultravioleta. El libro hace énfasis en la importancia de la medición de los parámetros fisicoquímicos en el proceso de potabilización y control de calidad de agua pozo del Paraíso (Santander de Quilichao) utilizada en una planta de tratamiento de agua y en el seguimiento del crecimiento microbiano en una laguna facultativa de un ingenio azucarero del Valle del Cauca.
Colombia --- Precisión --- Linealidad --- Validación --- Espectrofotometría --- Metales --- Agua potable --- Trazabilidad --- Espectroscopia UV-Vis --- Potabilización --- Sólidos disueltos --- Coagulantes --- Floculantes --- pH --- Aguas residuales --- Ingenio azucarero --- Laguna facultativa
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El lector podrá encontrar en el libro las definiciones más importantes en los procesos de validación de métodos analíticos; acceder a la validación de la demanda química de oxígeno y demanda bioquímica de oxígeno para la determinación del contenido de materia orgánica y biodegradabilidad en aguas residuales de un ingenio azucarero. También, encontrará contribuciones a la evaluación de metales pesados (plomo y cadmio) en agua cruda y potable por espectroscopia de absorción atómica con horno de grafito del acueducto del municipio de Cerrito. Así mismo, la validación del método de análisis para nitratos en agua potable del corregimiento Paso de la bolsa del municipio de Jamundí mediante la técnica de espectroscopia ultravioleta. El libro hace énfasis en la importancia de la medición de los parámetros fisicoquímicos en el proceso de potabilización y control de calidad de agua pozo del Paraíso (Santander de Quilichao) utilizada en una planta de tratamiento de agua y en el seguimiento del crecimiento microbiano en una laguna facultativa de un ingenio azucarero del Valle del Cauca.
Sewage treatment & disposal --- Precisión --- Linealidad --- Validación --- Espectrofotometría --- Metales --- Agua potable --- Trazabilidad --- Espectroscopia UV-Vis --- Potabilización --- Sólidos disueltos --- Coagulantes --- Floculantes --- pH --- Aguas residuales --- Ingenio azucarero --- Laguna facultativa --- Colombia --- Precisión --- Linealidad --- Validación --- Espectrofotometría --- Metales --- Agua potable --- Trazabilidad --- Espectroscopia UV-Vis --- Potabilización --- Sólidos disueltos --- Coagulantes --- Floculantes --- pH --- Aguas residuales --- Ingenio azucarero --- Laguna facultativa
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Amperometry. --- Colorimeters. --- ESR. --- Flame photometry. --- Fluorescence. --- GC. --- Instrumental analysis. --- Interferometry. --- MS. --- Mass spectrometry. --- NMR. --- Phosphorescence. --- Polarimetry. --- Polarography. --- Potentiometry. --- Radiochemical methods. --- Raman spectroscopy. --- Refractometry. --- Spectrophotometers. --- Thermoanalytical methods. --- UV-vis-ir absorption. --- UV. --- X-ray.
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Les hydrocarbures saturés d’huiles minérales (MOSH) et les hydrocarbures aromatiques d’huiles minérales (MOAH) sont des contaminants alimentaires omniprésents d'origine pétrolière. Les MOAH sont considérés comme une préoccupation toxicologique par l'Autorité européenne de sécurité des aliments (EFSA), en particulier pour les composés contenant trois anneaux aromatiques ou plus. Cependant, les données toxicologiques de tels composés sont peu nombreuses en raison des défis liés à leur obtention. Ce projet vise à évaluer les propriétés toxicologiques (ex., mutagénicité, génotoxicité) des fractions MOSH et MOAH à l’aide de divers tests toxicologiques, comme le test d'Ames et celui des micronoyaux, tout en associant ces résultats à une caractérisation détaillée des substances étudiées. Les objectifs de ce travail de fin d’étude se sont concentrés sur l'optimisation des protocoles évaluant ces propriétés toxicologiques et le fractionnement d’huiles minérales en fraction MOSH, MOAH et les sous-fractions associées. Le travail à été divisé en trois parties : La première partie est consacrée à l’élaboration d’un protocole de purification optimisé pour obtenir des fractions de MOAH pures à partir d’échantillons d’huiles minérales et également à la mise au point d’un autre protocole, optimisé pour fractionner MOAH en sous fractions relatives à leur nombre de noyaux aromatiques. La seconde partie consiste à exposer ces fractions purifiées à des cellules procaryotes et eucaryotes afin d’évaluer leurs propriétés toxicologiques. La troisième partie a examiné les méthodes industrielles officielles utilisées pour évaluer la conformité des huiles minérales à leur commercialisation (en termes de sécurité toxicologique), en cherchant à comprendre quelles compositions de MOAH étaient positives au test (donc, considérées comme toxiques) et s’ils étaient pertinents sur le plan toxicologique. La purification des échantillons a produit une quantité importante de MOAH purifiés, mais a nécessité une optimisation des conditions d'élution selon la composition des échantillons. La solubilisation de ces fractions purifiées a été cruciale pour la réalisation des tests toxicologiques. La viabilité cellulaire a été évaluée, ainsi que la concentration maximale de MOAH ne compromettant pas cette viabilité. Le test d'Ames a évalué la mutagénicité des échantillons, le test étant positif pour l'échantillon Moltox (reference oil N°1). De plus, le test des micronoyaux sur des hépatocytes de la lignée cellulaire humaine HEPG2 a révélé un effet génotoxique de cet échantillon Moltox. Enfin, la méthode industrielle utilisée pour évaluer la conformité des huiles minérales aux normes de sécurité a montré des résultats intéressants. Basée sur la mesure spectrophotométrique de MOAH extrait par du DMSO, elle a révélé une extraction et une concentration des composés toxiques, ouvrant des perspectives intéressantes pour de futures méthodes de screening (par exemple, dans l'alimentation). Mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) are ubiquitous petroleum-derived products that contaminate food products. The MOAH fraction has been considered a toxicological concern by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), in particular regarding the compounds having three aromatic rings or more. However, toxicological data on these specific compounds are relatively scarce due to the many challenges in obtaining such information. The long-term goal of this project aims at evaluating the toxicological properties (e.g., mutagenicity, genotoxicity) of MOSH and MOAH fractions using various toxicological tests, such as the Ames test and the micronucleus test and associate them with a detailed characterization of the mixture tested. The objectives of this master thesis work were more focused on optimising the protocols necessary to assess these toxicological properties and to fractionate the minerals oils (MOs) to be evaluated into MOSH, MOAH and relative subfractions. The work was divided into three parts. The first part focuses on developing an optimised purification protocol to obtain pure MOAH fractions from mineral oil samples and a further optimised protocol for fractionating these fractions based on the number of aromatic rings. The second part involves exposing these purified fractions to prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells to evaluate their toxicological properties. A third part investigated the official industry methods used to evaluate the suitability of MOs for commercialization (in terms of toxicological safety), trying to understand which MOAH compositions gave positive responses (i.e., considered toxic), and whether these MOAH were toxicologically relevant. Sample purification produced a substantial amount of pure MOAH fractions but required optimization of the elution conditions based on the sample composition. Solubilization of these purified samples was crucial for toxicological testing. Cell viability was assessed and maximum MOAH concentration not compromising cell viability was determined. The Ames test evaluated the mutagenicity of the samples in both metabolized and unmetabolized forms, with Moltox reference oil No. 1 sample testing positive. Additionally, the mutagenicity assessment (micronucleus test) on human HEPG2 hepatocytes indicated that this same Moltox sample had a genotoxic effect on the cells. Finally, the method used by the industry to evaluate the compliance of a MO with safety standards showed interesting results. This method, based on the spectrophotometric measure of a DMSO extract of MOAH, showed to extract and concentrate the toxic compounds, opening interesting perspective in future direction for screening methods (for instance, in food).
Mineral oil --- GC×GC --- Toxicology --- Ames test --- Micronucleus --- Chromatography --- MOAH --- SPE --- Hepatocytes --- UV/vis spectroscopy --- Mutagenicity --- Genotoxicity --- Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre > Chimie --- Sciences de la santé humaine > Pharmacie, pharmacologie & toxicologie
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Currently, cobalt and related catalysts are very attractive as they provide many advantages, such as low cost and high activity, in a variety of applications. Cobalt catalysts are among the most active catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis and they promote the catalytic activity of the hydrodesulfurization catalysts. They also found other significant applications in environmental protection such as oxidation of volatile organic compounds, VOC, persulfate activator, ammonia synthesis, electrocatalysis and many more. Cobalt catalysts are active, stable and exhibit significant oxidation–reduction activity, as the Co can be found either as Co(II) or Co(III). Additionally, many molecules can interact with the cobalt supported phase by co-ordination due to partially filled d-orbital. Co-catalysts can be supported in almost all the inorganic supports such as alumina, titania, zeolites, etc. The cobalt oxide phase can be stabilized on the surface of the support due to variable interactions between the support and cobalt phase. These interactions are crucial for catalytic activity and can be regulated by proper selection of the preparation parameters such as the type of support, the Co loading, impregnation method and thermal conditions.This Special Issue aims to cover recent progress and advances in the field of cobalt and related catalysts.
electrocatalyst --- oxygen reduction reaction --- Al-air battery --- biomass --- nitrogen-doped carbon --- halloysite --- hierarchical materials --- p-xylene oxidation --- terephthalic acid --- cobalt catalyst --- titania --- diffuse reflectance spectroscopy --- sulfamethaxazole --- persulfates --- point of zero charge --- Co–ZSM-5 --- UV–Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy --- FTIR spectroscopy --- pyridine adsorption --- CO adsorption --- Fischer–Tropsch synthesis --- bimetallic catalyst --- cobalt-nickel alloys --- TPR-XANES/EXAFS --- superstructures --- bicontinuous microemulsion --- oxygen evolution reaction --- metal–metal oxides --- n/a --- Co-ZSM-5 --- UV-Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy --- Fischer-Tropsch synthesis --- metal-metal oxides
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Currently, cobalt and related catalysts are very attractive as they provide many advantages, such as low cost and high activity, in a variety of applications. Cobalt catalysts are among the most active catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis and they promote the catalytic activity of the hydrodesulfurization catalysts. They also found other significant applications in environmental protection such as oxidation of volatile organic compounds, VOC, persulfate activator, ammonia synthesis, electrocatalysis and many more. Cobalt catalysts are active, stable and exhibit significant oxidation–reduction activity, as the Co can be found either as Co(II) or Co(III). Additionally, many molecules can interact with the cobalt supported phase by co-ordination due to partially filled d-orbital. Co-catalysts can be supported in almost all the inorganic supports such as alumina, titania, zeolites, etc. The cobalt oxide phase can be stabilized on the surface of the support due to variable interactions between the support and cobalt phase. These interactions are crucial for catalytic activity and can be regulated by proper selection of the preparation parameters such as the type of support, the Co loading, impregnation method and thermal conditions.This Special Issue aims to cover recent progress and advances in the field of cobalt and related catalysts.
Technology: general issues --- electrocatalyst --- oxygen reduction reaction --- Al-air battery --- biomass --- nitrogen-doped carbon --- halloysite --- hierarchical materials --- p-xylene oxidation --- terephthalic acid --- cobalt catalyst --- titania --- diffuse reflectance spectroscopy --- sulfamethaxazole --- persulfates --- point of zero charge --- Co–ZSM-5 --- UV–Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy --- FTIR spectroscopy --- pyridine adsorption --- CO adsorption --- Fischer–Tropsch synthesis --- bimetallic catalyst --- cobalt-nickel alloys --- TPR-XANES/EXAFS --- superstructures --- bicontinuous microemulsion --- oxygen evolution reaction --- metal–metal oxides --- n/a --- Co-ZSM-5 --- UV-Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy --- Fischer-Tropsch synthesis --- metal-metal oxides
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Both aroma and taste are important quality criteria for food products, and they have a great influence on our consumption behaviours. In recent years, a significant increase in the number of studies related to the identification of the characteristic odor- and taste-active compounds of particular foods has been observed.In this book, you can find nine valuable scientific contributions, which deal with the more recent analytical developments for the identification of some compounds responsible for odor and taste in foods such as ham, beer, strawberry, Amontillado sherry wine and others, in order to authenticate them or evaluate the effect of different techniques or making stages on their aroma and taste.
Iberian ham --- authentication --- feeding --- fatty acids --- oleic acid --- artificial neural network --- strains-selection --- 1,3-pentadiene --- sorbate --- spoilage-yeast --- food-preservation --- headspace sorptive extraction --- beer --- volatile compounds --- stir bar sorptive extraction --- strawberry --- volatile profile --- variety --- soilless system --- anthocyanins --- antioxidants --- blueberry --- Box–Behnken design --- phenolic compounds --- response surface methodology --- ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography --- UHPLC --- UV–Vis --- Vaccinium corymbosum L. --- HSCCC --- sherry wine --- Amontillado --- antioxidant activity --- aroma precursors --- grapes --- HPLC-DAD --- HPLC-qTOF-MS --- intact glycosides --- Brandy de Jerez --- Sherry Cask® --- oak wood --- aroma --- ageing --- pellicular maceration --- supra-extraction --- β-glycosidase --- enzymes --- yeasts --- sensory analysis --- n/a --- Box-Behnken design --- UV-Vis
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