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Biochemistry --- Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) --- Steroids

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Dans le contexte énergétique actuel, le développement de technologies de production d’énergies renouvelables, telles que les panneaux photovoltaïques, est une nécessité. Dans ce mémoire, l’attention s’est portée sur les cellules photovoltaïques à base de pérovskite et plus précisément sur les composés MAPbI3, MAPbI3-xClx et RbCsMAFAPbI3-xBrx (MA = CH3NH3+, FA= CH(NH2)2+). Ces matériaux ont été déposés par spray pyrolyse ultrasonique (USP), assemblés en cellules et leur efficacité a été comparée aux cellules obtenues par spin coating, technique de dépôt de films généralement utilisée dans la littérature, l’objectif du mémoire étant de valider la transposabilité de fabrication des cellules photovoltaïques à base de pérovskite vers des techniques de mise en œuvre compatibles avec une production à l’échelle industrielle en roll-to-roll Le dépôt de pérovskite par USP a été optimisé en jouant sur différents paramètres comme la concentration en précurseurs, le débit de solution, la température du substrat, la température de stabilisation ou encore le lissage par un anti-solvant après dépôt. Si le lissage anti-solvant a prouvé son utilité en spin-coating afin d’améliorer l’efficacité des cellules, il n'a pu être transféré avec succès en USP. A l’issue de cette campagne d’optimisations, les cellules photovoltaïques constituées des meilleurs films pérovskite par USP (sans lissage) ont donné une efficacité de conversion moyenne de 3% pour MAPbI3 (cellule champion : 4,2%) et 7,4% pour RbCsMAFAPbI3-xBrx (cellule champion : 8,9%). La pérovskite MAPbI3-xClx a donné des efficacités proches de 0%. A titre de comparaison, les dépôts par spin coating (avec lissage) ont donné des performances photovoltaïques moyennes de 4,5% pour MAPbI3 (cellule champion : 7,1%), 12,7% pour RbCsMAFAPbI3-xBrx (cellule champion : 14,9%) et 2,5% pour MAPbI3-xClx (cellule champion : 3,5%). Le dépôt de la pérovskite par spray pyrolyse ultrasonique ne permet donc pas, avec nos optimisations actuelles, d’égaler les efficacités de cellules préparées par spin coating mais est en bonne voie pour aboutir à terme à une production industrielle des panneaux photovoltaïques à base de pérovskite. In the current energy context, the development of renewable energy technologies, such as photovoltaic panels, is necessary. In this master thesis, a special attention was paid on perovskite-based photovoltaic cells and more specifically on MAPbI3, MAPbI3-xClx and RbCsMAFAPbI3-xBrx (MA = CH3NH3+, FA = CH(NH2)2+). These compounds were deposited by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP), assembled in cells and their efficiency was compared to cells obtained by spin coating, usually used in the literature. The goal of this work is to validate the manufacturing process transposition towards roll-to-roll industrial production. The perovskite deposition by USP has been optimized by varying different parameters such as the precursor concentration, the solution flow, the substrate temperature, the stabilization temperature or the smoothing with an anti-solvent after deposition. If anti-solvent smoothing has proven to improve the cell efficiency by spin coating, it could not be successfully transferred to USP process. From our optimization work, the best photovoltaic cells by USP (without smoothing) gave an average conversion efficiency of 3% for MAPbI3 (champion cell: 4.2%) and 7.4 % for RbCsMAFAPbI3-xBrx (champion cell: 8.9%). The MAPbI3-xClx perovskite gave efficiencies close to 0%. In comparison, the best cells by spin coating (with smoothing) gave average photovoltaic efficiency of 4.5% for MAPbI3 (champion cell: 7.1%), 12.7% for RbCsMAFAPbI3-xBrx (champion cell: 14,9%) and 2.5% for MAPbI3-xClx (champion cell: 3.5%). At this stage, the perovskite deposition by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, therefore, does not allow to reach the efficiencies of cells prepared by spin coating but is on track to achieve large-scale production of perovskite solar cells.

pérovskite --- USP --- cellule photovoltaïque --- multi-cations --- anti-solvant --- Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre > Chimie

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Vasopressins. --- American Pharmaceutical Brand of Vasopressin --- American Regent Brand of Vasopressin --- Monarch Brand of Vasopressin --- Parke-Davis Brand of Vasopressin (USP) --- Pitressin --- Vasopressin --- Vasopressin (USP) --- Antidiuretic Hormones --- beta-Hypophamine --- Vasopressin Monarch Brand --- beta Hypophamine --- Antidiuretic Hormone --- Hormone, Antidiuretic --- Vasopressins

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Severe plastic deformation (SPD) is a very attractive research field for metallic materials because it provides new possibilities for manufacturing nanostructured materials in large quantities and allows microstructural design on different hierarchical levels. The papers included in this issue address the following topics: novel SPD processes as well as recent advancements in established processing methods, microstructure evolution and grain refinement in single- and multi-phase alloys as well as composites, strategies to enhance the microstructure stability at elevated temperatures, mechanically driven phase transformations, surface nanostructuring, gradient and multilayered materials, and mechanical and physical properties of SPD-processed materials.

History of engineering & technology --- Mg-3.7Al-1.8Ca-0.4Mn alloy --- Al2Ca phase --- equal channel angular pressing --- refinement --- mechanical properties --- aluminium copper-clad rod --- hardness --- effective electrical conductivity --- severe plastic deformation --- Mg-9Li duplex alloy --- ECAP --- rolling --- high strength --- microstructure --- high pressure torsion extrusion --- gradient structure --- hardness distribution --- tensile properties --- copper --- high pressure torsion --- microstructural characterization --- magnetic properties --- hysteresis --- magneto-resistance --- β titanium alloys --- α phase precipitation --- phase composition --- high energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction --- metastable β-Ti alloys --- powder metallurgy --- cryogenic milling --- spark plasma sintering --- surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) --- ultrasonic shot peening (USP) --- functionally graded materials (FGM) --- titanium niobium alloys --- titanium molybdenum alloys --- human mesenchymal stem cells culture --- cell adhesion --- cell proliferation --- magnesium --- equal-channel angular pressing --- deformation tests --- texture --- schmid factor --- cryogenic temperature --- 304L austenitic stainless steel --- rotating–bending fatigue --- tension–compression fatigue --- TiNi alloy --- thermal cycling --- ultrafine-grained structure --- microstructural and mechanical stability --- Ti–Fe --- high-pressure torsion --- high-temperature XRD --- differential scanning calorimetry --- phase diagram --- CalPhaD --- Mg alloy --- severe plastic deformation (SPD) --- intermetallic precipitates --- vacancy agglomerates --- corrosion --- n/a --- rotating-bending fatigue --- tension-compression fatigue --- Ti-Fe

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Severe plastic deformation (SPD) is a very attractive research field for metallic materials because it provides new possibilities for manufacturing nanostructured materials in large quantities and allows microstructural design on different hierarchical levels. The papers included in this issue address the following topics: novel SPD processes as well as recent advancements in established processing methods, microstructure evolution and grain refinement in single- and multi-phase alloys as well as composites, strategies to enhance the microstructure stability at elevated temperatures, mechanically driven phase transformations, surface nanostructuring, gradient and multilayered materials, and mechanical and physical properties of SPD-processed materials.

Mg-3.7Al-1.8Ca-0.4Mn alloy --- Al2Ca phase --- equal channel angular pressing --- refinement --- mechanical properties --- aluminium copper-clad rod --- hardness --- effective electrical conductivity --- severe plastic deformation --- Mg-9Li duplex alloy --- ECAP --- rolling --- high strength --- microstructure --- high pressure torsion extrusion --- gradient structure --- hardness distribution --- tensile properties --- copper --- high pressure torsion --- microstructural characterization --- magnetic properties --- hysteresis --- magneto-resistance --- β titanium alloys --- α phase precipitation --- phase composition --- high energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction --- metastable β-Ti alloys --- powder metallurgy --- cryogenic milling --- spark plasma sintering --- surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) --- ultrasonic shot peening (USP) --- functionally graded materials (FGM) --- titanium niobium alloys --- titanium molybdenum alloys --- human mesenchymal stem cells culture --- cell adhesion --- cell proliferation --- magnesium --- equal-channel angular pressing --- deformation tests --- texture --- schmid factor --- cryogenic temperature --- 304L austenitic stainless steel --- rotating–bending fatigue --- tension–compression fatigue --- TiNi alloy --- thermal cycling --- ultrafine-grained structure --- microstructural and mechanical stability --- Ti–Fe --- high-pressure torsion --- high-temperature XRD --- differential scanning calorimetry --- phase diagram --- CalPhaD --- Mg alloy --- severe plastic deformation (SPD) --- intermetallic precipitates --- vacancy agglomerates --- corrosion --- n/a --- rotating-bending fatigue --- tension-compression fatigue --- Ti-Fe