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Much of the developing world has experienced a decline in mortality, while fertility often has remained high. This has produced youthful populations in many countries, generally referred to as "youth bulges." Recent empirical research suggests that youth bulges may be associated with increased risks of political violence and conflict. This paper addresses ways that education may serve as a strategy to reduce the risk of political violence, particularly in the context of large cohorts of young males. The authors use a new education dataset measuring educational attainment. The dataset is constructed using demographic back-projection techniques, and offers uninterrupted time-series data for 120 countries. The empirical analysis finds evidence that large, young male population bulges are more likely to increase the risk of conflict in societies where male secondary education is low. The effect on conflict risk by low education and large youth populations is particularly strong in low and middle-income countries. This is especially challenging for Sub-Saharan Africa, the region facing the youngest age structure and the lowest educational attainment levels. Although quantitative studies generally find a strong relationship between indicators of development and conflict risk, the results suggest that poor countries do have some leverage over reducing conflict potential through increased educational opportunities for young people. There is further evidence that the interaction of large youth cohorts and low education levels may be mediated by structural economic factors. The study supports broad policy interventions in education by relaxing concerns about the consequences of rapid educational expansion.

Access and Equity in Basic Education --- Adolescent Health --- Armed Conflict --- Civil War --- Economic demography --- Economic growth --- Economic progress --- Education --- Educational attainment --- Fertility --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Mortality --- Peace --- Policy Research --- Population Policies --- Primary Education --- Progress --- Secondary education --- Social Development --- Sustainable Development --- UNFPA --- United Nations Population Fund --- Young male --- Young men --- Young people --- Youth and Government

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The State of World Population is an annual report published by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). Each edition covers and analyses developments and trends in world population and demographics, as well as shedding a light on specific regions, countries and population groups and the unique challenges they face.

Population --- Population geography --- Géographie de la population --- POPULATION. --- POPULATION TRENDS. --- DEMOGRAPHIC STATISTICS. --- STATISTICAL DATA. --- População mundial, --- Direitos humanos, --- Desenvolvimento sustentável, --- Mulher, --- Urbanização, --- Population. --- Population geography. --- aspectos socio-econômicos, --- periódico. --- aspectos culturais, --- aspectos higiênicos, --- assistência médico-social, --- Pays en voie de développement --- Reproductive health --- Fertility, Human --- Family planning --- Family size --- Reproductive rights --- Women --- Women in development --- Youth --- Youth in development --- Poverty --- Economic development projects --- Human rights --- Intergenerational relations --- Population aging --- Sustainable development --- Demographic transition --- Vital statistics --- Social indicators --- Population Control. --- International cooperation --- Social conditions --- ICPD Programme of Action --- United Nations Population Fund --- Developing countries --- Population policy --- Human reproduction --- Human reproductive health --- Human reproductive medicine --- Reproductive medicine --- Transition, Demographic --- Vital revolution (Demography) --- Human population --- Human populations --- Population growth --- Populations, Human --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable economic development --- Aging of population --- Aging population --- Aging society --- Demographic aging --- Graying (Demography) --- Greying (Demography) --- Intergenerational relationships --- Relations, Intergenerational --- Relationships, Intergenerational --- Basic rights --- Civil rights (International law) --- Rights, Human --- Rights of man --- Development projects, Economic --- Projects, Economic development --- Destitution --- Development and youth --- Youth and development --- Young people --- Young persons --- Youngsters --- Youths --- School Age Population --- School-Age Population --- Population, School Age --- Population, School-Age --- Populations --- Populations, School Age --- Populations, School-Age --- School Age Populations --- School-Age Populations --- Demographic Effectiveness --- Population Programs --- Population Programs, Goals --- Control, Population --- Controls, Population --- Effectiveness, Demographic --- Population Controls --- Population Program --- Program, Population --- Programs, Population --- Vital event statistics --- Vital rates --- Reproductive freedom --- Size of families --- Parenthood, Planned --- Planned parenthood --- Human fertility --- Natality --- Health aspects --- Environmental aspects --- Law and legislation --- Verenigde Naties. Fonds voor bevolkingsvraagstukken --- Cairo Programme of Action --- ICPD Program of Action --- Emerging nations --- Fourth World --- Global South --- LDC's --- Least developed countries --- Less developed countries --- Newly industrialized countries --- Newly industrializing countries --- NICs (Newly industrialized countries) --- Third World --- Underdeveloped areas --- Underdeveloped countries --- Family planning. --- Family size. --- Fertility, Human. --- Intergenerational relations. --- International cooperation. --- Population aging. --- Population policy. --- Reproductive rights. --- Social indicators. --- Vital statistics. --- Women in development. --- Youth in development. --- Social conditions. --- ICPD Programme of Action. --- United Nations Population Fund. --- Developing countries. --- Indicators, Social --- Population planning --- Cooperation, International --- Global governance --- Institutions, International --- Interdependence of nations --- International institutions --- World order --- Development and women --- GAD (Gender and development) --- Gender and development --- WAD (Women and development) --- WID (Women in development) --- Women and development --- Birlăşmiş Millătlăr Tăşkilatının Ăhali Fondu --- Egyesült Nemzetek Népesedési Alapja --- ENSZ Népesedési Alapja --- F.N.U.A.P. --- FNUAP --- Fond narodonaselenii︠a︡ OON --- Fond narodonaselenni︠a︡ OON --- Fond OON po narodonaselenii︠u︡ --- Fond Organizat︠s︡ii Obʺedinennykh nat︠s︡iĭ v oblasti narodonaselenii︠a︡ --- Fondo de Población de las Naciones Unidas --- Fonds des Nations Unies pour la population --- Fundo das Nações Unidas para a População --- Fundo de População das Nações Unidas --- I︠U︡NFPA --- Kō̜ngthun Prachākō̜n hǣng Sahaprachāchāt --- Nėgdsėn U̇ndėstniǐ Baǐguullagyn Khu̇n Amyn San --- NU̇B-yn KhAS --- NU̇B-yn Khu̇n Amyn San --- Quỹ dân số Liên Hợp Quốc --- Saṃyukta Rāshṭra Saṅghiya Janasaṅkhyā Kosha --- Ṣundūq al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah lil-Sukkān --- UN Fund for Population --- UNFPA --- Yatabābarut mangeśtāt yaḥezb gudāy fand --- NICs --- Fond narodonaselenii͡a OON --- Fond narodonaselenni͡a OON --- Fond OON po narodonaselenii͡ --- Fond Organizat͡sii Obʺedinennykh nat͡siĭ v oblasti narodonaselenii͡ --- I͡UNFPA --- Quality of life --- Social history --- Economic indicators --- Social accounting --- Social prediction --- Sexual rights --- Abortion --- Birth control --- Contraception --- Involuntary sterilization --- Demography --- Infertility --- Planning --- Birth intervals --- Social policy --- Age distribution (Demography) --- Cooperation --- International relations --- International organization --- Interpersonal relations --- Feminism --- Statistics --- Death --- Registers of births, etc. --- Sex --- Health --- Human geography --- Economics --- Human ecology --- Sociology --- Malthusianism --- Economic development --- Human security --- Transitional justice --- Truth commissions --- Economic assistance --- Technical assistance --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Poor --- Subsistence economy --- Age groups --- Life cycle, Human --- Sterilization, Reproductive --- Causes --- United Nations Fund for Population Activities --- Population Control --- Birth control. --- Santé de la reproduction --- Fécondité humaine --- Planification familiale --- Familles --- Droits génésiques --- Femmes --- Femmes dans le développement --- Jeunesse --- Jeunesse dans le développement --- Pauvreté --- Projets de développement économique --- Droits de l'homme (Droit international) --- Relations entre générations --- Vieillissement de la population --- Développement durable --- Transition démographique --- Indicateurs sociaux --- Régulation des naissances. --- population. --- Coopération internationale --- Dimension --- Conditions sociales --- Population control --- Pregnancy --- Prevention

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Population assistance --- Assistance, Population --- Foreign aid to population programs --- Technical assistance --- History --- United Nations Fund for Population Activities. --- United Nations --- UN --- UNO --- Dana Kependudukan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa --- F.N.U.A.P. --- FNUAP --- Fond Organizat︠s︡ii Obʺedinennykh Nat︠s︡iĭ v oblasti narodonaselenii︠a︡ --- Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para Actividades en Materia de Población --- Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para Actividades en Población --- Fondo de Naciones Unidas para Actividades de Población --- Fondo de Población de las Naciones Unidas --- Fonds des Nations Unies pour les activités en matière de population --- Fundo de População das Nações Unidas --- Kō̜ngthun Sahaprachāchāt phư̄a Kitčhakam Prachākō̜n --- Quỹ dân số Liên Hợp Quốc --- U.N.F.P.A. --- UNFPA --- United Nation Fund for Population Activities --- United Nations Funds for Population Activities --- صندوق الأمم المتحدة للسكان --- صندوق الأمم المتحدة للنشاطات السكانية --- Fondul ONU pentru Populație --- United Nations Population Fund --- History. --- Naciones Unidas --- Nations Unies --- ONU --- Organisation des Nations Unies --- Organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ Obʺedinennykh Nat︠s︡iĭ --- OON --- Vereinigte Nationen --- Umot ha-meʼuḥadot --- Organizacja Narodów Zjednoczonych --- ONZ --- Forente nasjoner --- Forenede nationer --- FN --- Förenta nationerna --- Gaertʻianebuli erebi --- Organização das Nações Unidas --- PBB --- Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa --- Kokusai Rengō --- Kokuren --- ENSZ --- Egyesült Nemzetek Szövetsége --- Birleșmiș Milletler Teșkilâtı --- Birlăşmiş Millătăr Tăşkilatı --- Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti --- BMT --- YK --- Yhdistyneet kansakunnat --- OUN --- Organizacija Ujedinjenih Nacija --- NU --- Nazioni Unite --- OSN --- Organizace spojených národů --- Sāzmān-i Milal-i Muttafiq --- Bangsa² Bersatu --- Organización de las Naciones Unidas --- Ühinenud Rahvaste Organisatsioon --- ÜRO --- Organismos tōn Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn --- Umoja wa Mataifa --- Vereinten Nationen --- Vereinte Nationen --- Hayʼat al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- Verenigde Naties --- VN --- Organizația Națiunilor Unite --- Um --- Lien ho kuo --- OKB --- Organizata e Kombeve të Bashkuara --- Lian he guo --- U.N. --- Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- OĒE --- Hēnōmena Ethnē --- Organizácia Spojených Národov --- Sahaprachāchāt --- Națiunile Unite --- Organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ na obedinenite nat︠s︡ii --- Organismos Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn --- Manẓūmat al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- AAN --- Arhanizatsyi︠a︡ Ab'i︠a︡dnanykh Natsyĭ --- Nações Unidas --- Orhanizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ Ob'i︠e︡dnanykh Nat︠s︡iĭ --- O.Ē.E. --- ʻOngkān Sahaprachāchāt --- Sjuninejal Konob'laq --- Sāzmān-i Milal-i Muttaḥid --- Milal-i Muttaḥid --- Nėgdsėn U̇ndėstniĭ Baĭguullaga --- NUB --- Rāshṭrasaṃgha --- או״מ --- أمم المتحدة --- الأمم المتحدة --- سازمان ملل متحد --- 国際連合 --- 联合囯 --- 聯合國 --- United Nations Organization --- Liên Hiệp Quó̂c --- Liên Hợp Quó̂c --- LHQ --- Kula Samagga --- YūʼAṅʻnʻ --- 联合国 --- Организация на обединените нации --- Организация Объединённых Наций