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The principle of sustainability should be strictly connected with safety, since both aim to conserve resources: in the case of sustainability, the resources are typically thought of as environmental, while in the case of safety, the resources are basically human. In spite of this common ground, discussions on sustainability usually give insufficient attention to safety. In the last years the EU has made large investments to increase the energy efficiency of the existing building stock, paving the way for a low-carbon future; however, less effort has been made to enhance its seismic resilience. Therefore, the safety and, consequently, the sustainability of towns situated in earthquake-prone countries remain inadequate. In such countries, energy renovation actions should be combined with seismic retrofitting. However, a number of barriers considerably limit the real possibility of extensively undertaking combined retrofit actions, especially for multi-owner housing and high-rise buildings. These barriers are of different kinds: technical (e.g., unfeasibility and/or ineffectiveness of conventional retrofit solutions), financial (e.g., high renovation costs, insufficient incentives/subsidies), organizational (e.g., occupants’ disruption and relocation, renovation consensus by condominium ownerships), and cultural/social (insufficient information and skills, lack of adequate policy measures for promoting renovation actions). This book aims to overcome these barriers and to bridge the gap between sustainability and safety, so to conserve both human and environmental resources.

multifunctional component --- seismic reinforcement --- Eastern Sicily --- urban planning --- U-value --- pre-diagnostic process --- optimization --- safety --- energy efficiency --- Annex 56 --- green infrastructure --- energy retrofitting --- apartment blocks --- seismic vulnerability assessment --- energy performances --- combined interventions --- damage mechanisms --- sustainability --- cultural value --- risk analysis --- parametric design --- seismic retrofit --- energy retrofit --- building envelope --- high-rise building --- technological design --- cost-effective --- seismic improvement --- energy savings --- policy measures --- historical masonry --- historic urban fabric --- seismic analysis --- historic massive envelope --- masonry building aggregates --- innovative product --- façade --- exoskeleton --- seismic retrofitting --- building rehabilitation --- nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEB) --- dry-assembly system --- BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaic) --- translucent panel --- seismic renovation --- energy performance --- architectural image --- seismic and energy retrofit --- historical building --- ecosystem services --- mechanical resistance --- sustainability and aesthetics

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This Special Issue includes 20 contributions from across the world with very interesting and current research topics, such as insulation solutions and CO2 emissions; thermal transmittance of LSF walls; statistics for China’s building energy consumption; natural ventilation; thermal behavior of an earthbag building; thermal performance and comfort in a vernacular building; overheating risk under future extreme weather conditions; analytical methods to estimate the thermal transmittance of LSF walls; model simplification on energy and comfort simulation analysis; Trombe wall thermal behavior and energy efficiency of an LSF compartment; new metering hot box for in situ hygrothermal measurement; mechanical and thermal performance of compressed earth blocks; life-cycle assessment of a new house; energy analyses of Serbian buildings with horizontal overhangs; thermal properties of mortar blocks by using recycled glass; prediction of cooling energy consumption building using machine learning techniques; occupants’ behavior, climate change, heating, and cooling energy needs of buildings; a new method for establishing a hygrothermally controlled test room; nonintrusive measurements to incorporate the air renovations in dynamic models; and retrofit of existing buildings with aerogel panels.

Research & information: general --- Technology: general issues --- energy demand analysis --- insulation materials --- climate zones --- envelope --- CO2 emissions --- LSF construction --- facade wall --- partition wall --- thermal transmittance --- thermal bridges --- parametric study --- numerical simulations --- building energy statistics --- building energy consumption --- energy balance sheet --- building energy efficiency --- China --- building automation systems --- heating control --- energy savings --- earth building --- thermal comfort --- passive design --- monitoring and simulation --- glazed balcony --- indoor comfort --- passive strategies --- thermal performance --- vernacular architecture --- overheating risk --- evaluation --- cold climates --- lightweight steel frame --- LSF walls --- U-value --- analytical methods --- calculation procedures --- accuracy --- Model simplifications --- Thermal and visual comfort --- Energy performance --- IDA ICE --- Residential building --- passive solar --- Trombe wall --- light steel frame --- thermal behavior --- energy efficiency --- Mediterranean climate --- office use --- residential use --- heating set-points --- metering hot box --- in situ --- hygrothermal measurement --- dynamic conditions --- historic masonries --- HeLLo --- compressed earth blocks (CEBs) --- compressive strength --- durability --- guarded hot box --- LCA --- environmental impact --- house --- building envelope --- building --- overhangs --- energy consumption --- optimization --- GenOpt --- EnergyPlus --- crushed glass --- periodic thermal transmittance --- energy demand --- adaptive comfort --- social housing --- heating and cooling system --- optimization and management --- energy use prediction --- neural network --- support vector machine --- occupant behavior --- climate changes --- energy needs --- ventilation --- residential buildings --- DesignBuilder --- water vapor resistivity --- hygrothermal modeling --- condensation --- mold --- hygrothermal properties --- moisture transport --- inter-laboratory testing --- building energy --- performance assessment --- air renovation --- non-intrusive measurements --- on-board monitoring --- aerogel --- dynamic simulation --- retrofitting --- economic analysis

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• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This Special Issue includes 20 contributions from across the world with very interesting and current research topics, such as insulation solutions and CO2 emissions; thermal transmittance of LSF walls; statistics for China’s building energy consumption; natural ventilation; thermal behavior of an earthbag building; thermal performance and comfort in a vernacular building; overheating risk under future extreme weather conditions; analytical methods to estimate the thermal transmittance of LSF walls; model simplification on energy and comfort simulation analysis; Trombe wall thermal behavior and energy efficiency of an LSF compartment; new metering hot box for in situ hygrothermal measurement; mechanical and thermal performance of compressed earth blocks; life-cycle assessment of a new house; energy analyses of Serbian buildings with horizontal overhangs; thermal properties of mortar blocks by using recycled glass; prediction of cooling energy consumption building using machine learning techniques; occupants’ behavior, climate change, heating, and cooling energy needs of buildings; a new method for establishing a hygrothermally controlled test room; nonintrusive measurements to incorporate the air renovations in dynamic models; and retrofit of existing buildings with aerogel panels.

energy demand analysis --- insulation materials --- climate zones --- envelope --- CO2 emissions --- LSF construction --- facade wall --- partition wall --- thermal transmittance --- thermal bridges --- parametric study --- numerical simulations --- building energy statistics --- building energy consumption --- energy balance sheet --- building energy efficiency --- China --- building automation systems --- heating control --- energy savings --- earth building --- thermal comfort --- passive design --- monitoring and simulation --- glazed balcony --- indoor comfort --- passive strategies --- thermal performance --- vernacular architecture --- overheating risk --- evaluation --- cold climates --- lightweight steel frame --- LSF walls --- U-value --- analytical methods --- calculation procedures --- accuracy --- Model simplifications --- Thermal and visual comfort --- Energy performance --- IDA ICE --- Residential building --- passive solar --- Trombe wall --- light steel frame --- thermal behavior --- energy efficiency --- Mediterranean climate --- office use --- residential use --- heating set-points --- metering hot box --- in situ --- hygrothermal measurement --- dynamic conditions --- historic masonries --- HeLLo --- compressed earth blocks (CEBs) --- compressive strength --- durability --- guarded hot box --- LCA --- environmental impact --- house --- building envelope --- building --- overhangs --- energy consumption --- optimization --- GenOpt --- EnergyPlus --- crushed glass --- periodic thermal transmittance --- energy demand --- adaptive comfort --- social housing --- heating and cooling system --- optimization and management --- energy use prediction --- neural network --- support vector machine --- occupant behavior --- climate changes --- energy needs --- ventilation --- residential buildings --- DesignBuilder --- water vapor resistivity --- hygrothermal modeling --- condensation --- mold --- hygrothermal properties --- moisture transport --- inter-laboratory testing --- building energy --- performance assessment --- air renovation --- non-intrusive measurements --- on-board monitoring --- aerogel --- dynamic simulation --- retrofitting --- economic analysis

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This Special Issue, entitled “Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering”, aims to present to interested researchers and engineers the latest achievements in the field of new research methods, as well as the original results of scientific research carried out with their use—not only in laboratory conditions but also in selected case studies. The articles published in this Special Issue are theoretical–experimental and experimental, and also show the practical nature of the research. They are grouped by topic, and the main content of each article is briefly discussed for your convenience. These articles extend the knowledge in the field of non-destructive testing in civil engineering with regard to new and improved non-destructive testing (NDT) methods, their complementary application, and also the analysis of their results—including the use of sophisticated mathematical algorithms and artificial intelligence, as well as the diagnostics of materials, components, structures, entire buildings, and interesting case studies.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- conveyor belt --- climatic factors --- thermal shocks --- mechanical properties --- applied geophysics --- urban geophysics --- Eleftheria Square --- ERT --- probability-based ERT inversion (PERTI) method --- GPR --- EMI --- impact-echo --- tooth gear impactor --- contact duration --- delamination --- rapid scanning --- non-destructive testing --- concrete slab --- building defects --- building diagnosis --- building envelope --- building inspection system --- urgency of repair --- historic buildings --- brick walls --- nondestructive testing --- artificial neural networks --- Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) --- passive house (PH) --- heat flux meter (HFM) --- quantitative infrared thermography (QIRT) --- building thermal performance --- U-value --- Mediterranean climate --- electrical resistivity --- electrical impedance --- concrete --- mortar --- measurement accuracy --- ultrasonic elastography --- underground detection --- soil inspection --- underwater acoustics --- non-destructive test --- monitoring --- housing --- buildings --- façade --- thermal transmittance --- HFM method --- infrared thermography --- solar loading thermography --- lock-in thermography --- passive thermography --- thermal thickness --- thermal effusivity --- infrastructure --- NDT --- onsite X-ray bridge inspection --- 950 keV/3.95 MeV X-ray sources --- PC bridge --- unfilled grout --- quantitative evaluation of stage of unfilled grout --- step-heating thermography --- active thermography --- linear effusivity fit --- ground-penetrating radar --- signal features --- material moisture --- classification --- machine learning --- moisture measurements --- building floors --- civil engineering --- crack measurement --- image processing --- high resolution --- working distance --- crack width --- visual inspection --- structure state assessment --- ground sample distance (GSD) --- sonic resonant method --- impulse excitation technique --- resonant frequency --- steel fiber reinforced concrete --- fiber orientation --- micro-computed tomography --- ultrasound --- spectral induced polarization --- small force --- load --- instrumental signal --- two-point bending test --- strain gauge --- calibration equation --- conveyor belt --- climatic factors --- thermal shocks --- mechanical properties --- applied geophysics --- urban geophysics --- Eleftheria Square --- ERT --- probability-based ERT inversion (PERTI) method --- GPR --- EMI --- impact-echo --- tooth gear impactor --- contact duration --- delamination --- rapid scanning --- non-destructive testing --- concrete slab --- building defects --- building diagnosis --- building envelope --- building inspection system --- urgency of repair --- historic buildings --- brick walls --- nondestructive testing --- artificial neural networks --- Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) --- passive house (PH) --- heat flux meter (HFM) --- quantitative infrared thermography (QIRT) --- building thermal performance --- U-value --- Mediterranean climate --- electrical resistivity --- electrical impedance --- concrete --- mortar --- measurement accuracy --- ultrasonic elastography --- underground detection --- soil inspection --- underwater acoustics --- non-destructive test --- monitoring --- housing --- buildings --- façade --- thermal transmittance --- HFM method --- infrared thermography --- solar loading thermography --- lock-in thermography --- passive thermography --- thermal thickness --- thermal effusivity --- infrastructure --- NDT --- onsite X-ray bridge inspection --- 950 keV/3.95 MeV X-ray sources --- PC bridge --- unfilled grout --- quantitative evaluation of stage of unfilled grout --- step-heating thermography --- active thermography --- linear effusivity fit --- ground-penetrating radar --- signal features --- material moisture --- classification --- machine learning --- moisture measurements --- building floors --- civil engineering --- crack measurement --- image processing --- high resolution --- working distance --- crack width --- visual inspection --- structure state assessment --- ground sample distance (GSD) --- sonic resonant method --- impulse excitation technique --- resonant frequency --- steel fiber reinforced concrete --- fiber orientation --- micro-computed tomography --- ultrasound --- spectral induced polarization --- small force --- load --- instrumental signal --- two-point bending test --- strain gauge --- calibration equation