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Protein tyrosine phosphatases remove phosphates from the phosphotyrosine residues of target proteins and reverse the action of various protein tyrosine kinases. This essential interplay between the opposing actions of protein tyrosine phosphatases and protein tyrosine kinases forms the basis of signaling networks that underlie the cellular workings of human physiology. Initially passed-off as housekeeping genes; these proteins were only acknowledged to maintain a steady background of phosphotyrosine levels in the cell. However, recent progress in studying their role in embryonic development and human disease has established their importance as regulators of signal regulation. Convincing evidence shows the role of mutations in these proteins to cause and/or intensify the severity of various diseases including metabolic and neurological disorders and also cancer. Protein tyrosine phosphatases have slowly, yet convincingly become crucial targets for therapeutic intervention of various human pathophysiologies. This book describes these signaling enzymes using the molecular details of their structure and mechanistic function. Various subtypes of cysteine-based Class I, II, III and the Haloacid dehalogenase related Class IV protein tyrosine phosphatases have been illustrated and explained. The superfamily of proteins is also described vis-a-vis its complimentary protein phosphoserine/phosphoserine phosphatases. Membrane bound receptor forms and the cytosolic non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases have been described for their biological function. This book serves as a reference for any reader looking to understand the sequence features, structural elements, molecular mechanism and cellular function of this superfamily of signaling enzymes.
Protein-tyrosine phosphatase. --- Phosphotyrosine phosphatase --- PTPase --- Tyrosine phosphatase --- Tyrosine phosphoprotein phosphatase --- Tyrosyl phosphoprotein phosphatase --- Phosphoprotein phosphatases --- Biochemistry. --- Drug Design. --- Medicinal Chemistry. --- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase. --- Signalling Proteins.
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Biochemie --- Biochimie --- Biologie cellulaire --- Celbiologie --- Proefschriften --- Thèses --- Academic collection --- Theses --- Promoters (Genetics) --- Protein-tyrosine phosphatase --- Phosphotyrosine phosphatase --- PTPase --- Tyrosine phosphatase --- Tyrosine phosphoprotein phosphatase --- Tyrosyl phosphoprotein phosphatase --- Phosphoprotein phosphatases --- Genetic transcription --- Nucleotides --- Operons
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This book aims to bridge the gap in understanding how protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), which carry out the reverse reaction of tyrosine phosphorylation, feature in cancer cell biology. The expertly authored chapters will first review the general features of the PTP superfamily, including their overall structure and enzymological properties; use selected examples of individual PTP superfamily members, to illustrate emerging data on the role of PTPs in cancer; and will review the current status of PTP-based drug development efforts. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases in Cancer,from renowned researchers Benjamin Neel and Nicholas Tonks, is invaluable reading for researchers in oncology, stem cell signaling,and biochemistry. .
Medicine. --- Cancer research. --- Posttranslational modification. --- Cell biology. --- Biomedicine. --- Cancer Research. --- Cell Biology. --- Posttranslational Modification. --- Cancer --- Protein-tyrosine phosphatase. --- Molecular aspects. --- Phosphotyrosine phosphatase --- PTPase --- Tyrosine phosphatase --- Tyrosine phosphoprotein phosphatase --- Tyrosyl phosphoprotein phosphatase --- Phosphoprotein phosphatases --- Oncology. --- Cytology. --- Post-translational modification . --- Co-translational modification --- Cotranslational modification --- Modification, Post-translational --- Post-translation protein modification --- Post-translational protein modification --- Posttranslation protein modification --- Posttranslational modification --- Posttranslational protein modification --- Genetic translation --- Proteins --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Tumors --- Synthesis --- Cancer research
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Tyrosine phosphorylation is a rapid and reversible protein modification catalyzed by the yin and yang activities of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). A multitude of PTPs have been implicated in human disease, with a growing number of PTPs now known to play major roles in prevalent metabolic diseases including obesity and type 2 diabetes. Recent studies into PTP function in the context of metabolism highlight the importance of understanding the specific substrates and binding partners of these enzymes, the regulation of PTP activity, and the cell/tissue specificity of PTP functions. This volume contains chapters which highlight many aspects of PTP function in the context of metabolism.
Biochemistry. --- Endocrinology. --- Life sciences. --- Medicine. --- Protein-tyrosine kinase. --- Protein-tyrosine phosphatase -- Metabolism -- Regulation. --- Protein-tyrosine phosphatase --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases --- Metabolic Phenomena --- Protein Kinases --- Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) --- Esterases --- Phenomena and Processes --- Diseases --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Hydrolases --- Phosphotransferases --- Enzymes --- Transferases --- Enzymes and Coenzymes --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Metabolic Diseases --- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases --- Metabolism --- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases --- Physiology --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Biochemistry --- Regulation --- Physiological effect. --- Regulation. --- Control of metabolism --- Metabolic control --- Metabolic regulation --- Regulation of metabolism --- Phosphotyrosine phosphatase --- PTPase --- Tyrosine phosphatase --- Tyrosine phosphoprotein phosphatase --- Tyrosyl phosphoprotein phosphatase --- Proteins. --- Life Sciences. --- Protein Science. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Biomedicine general. --- Biological control systems --- Phosphoprotein phosphatases --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Internal medicine --- Hormones --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Composition --- Proteins . --- Endocrinology . --- Biomedicine, general. --- Health Workforce --- Proteids --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics
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