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This reference book compiles together different animal models in cancer research. It provides knowledge and a better understanding of the advancement of the molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with the progression, formation, and clinical results of various types of cancer from the evidence collected from animal models utilized for cancer research. It discusses animal models for screening anti-cancer drugs and exploration of gene therapy. It presents different methods used to construct cancer animal models and the progress of each animal model in tumor research. The book also highlights the applications of genetic engineering, including CRISP/Cas9, in designing and developing animal models for cancer research. Further, it discusses strategies for modeling animals for investigating growth, metastasis, tumor-associated inflammation and microenvironment, cancer stem cells, tumor heterogeneity, and therapeutic resistance. This book is s a valuable resource for basic and translational cancer researchers, clinicians, and health care.

Cancer—Animal models. --- Tumors—Classification. --- Tumors—Immunological aspects. --- Cancer Models. --- Cancer Staging. --- Tumour Immunology.

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This book intends to report new concept of onco-spheres in cancer ecosystem. Onco-spheres are defined as where cancer cells (living organisms) dynamically interact with nontumor cellular (other living organisms) and noncellular components (non-living environmental factors) in the ‘host’ internal environment (habitat) to construct a self-sustainable cancer ecosystem, which can be scoped at three different levels: primary/regional, distal and systemic onco-spheres. Cancer cells should be conceived as ‘living organisms’, interacting with cellular or noncellular components in the host internal environment, not only with the local tumor microenvironment (TME) but also constantly communicating with a distant organ niche as well interacting with the host’s nervous, endocrine and immune systems, to construct a self-sustainable ‘biosphere’, as we termed the tumor ecosystem. By looking at the interaction of cancer and host as a unique ecosystem, we will use ecology principles to further delineate the features of the dynamics of the tumor ecosystem. As the pioneer in proposing this concept, we feel that this full-scale overview of the tumor ecosystem is able to inform the readers about this concept, and to pave the way for designing novel therapeutic strategies on actionable targets within tumor ecosystem. The book is likely to be of interest to immunologist, biologist, medical students, researchers and general public who wish to learn more on this new concept of tumor ecosystem, and how this could be applied in many fields of research.

Cancer. --- Tumors. --- Neoplasms --- Tumours --- Pathology --- Cysts (Pathology) --- Oncology --- Cancers --- Carcinoma --- Malignancy (Cancer) --- Malignant tumors --- Tumors --- Medicine—Research. --- Biology—Research. --- Tumors—Immunological aspects. --- Biomedical Research. --- Cancer Biology. --- Cancer Microenvironment. --- Tumour Immunology.

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Interaction between malignant cells and their surrounding tissue plays a crucial role in tumor growth, invasiveness and spreading to the distant organs. New findings provide evidence of a principal importance of the immune cells for controlling this interaction and orchestrating multiple events in the tumor microenvironment. The balance between immune cells that support tumor progression and immune cells that sustain tumor-controlling immune surveillance is tightly regulated by various factors originated from both the malignant and non-cancerous cells in the tumor microenvironment. Analysis of multidirectional immunological responses at the tumor site allows forming a new concept of The Tumor ImmunoEnvironment, which is introduced and discussed in the present book with a particular focus on the role of immune cells in controlling the tumor microenvironment at different stages of cancer development. The main goal of this publication is to provide an overview of the current knowledge on the complex and unique role of the immune system, tumor-associated inflammation and tumor-mediated immunomodulation in cancer progression in a way that allows understanding the logistics of cellular and molecular interactions in the tumor lesions. Moreover, it is discussed how these interactions evolve during cancer progression and in response to different kinds of anticancer therapy. It is anticipated that the book will attract many researchers and clinicians in the field of basic and applied tumor immunobiology and open new opportunities for collaborative programs aiming at the development of effective and feasible therapeutic approaches to cancer treatment.

Neoplasms. --- Tumors -- Genetic aspects. --- Tumors -- Immunological aspects. --- Tumors. --- Medicine --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Oncology --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Tumors --- Immunological aspects. --- Genetic aspects. --- Tumor immunology --- Medicine. --- Cancer research. --- Immunology. --- Oncology. --- Life sciences. --- Biomedicine. --- Cancer Research. --- Life Sciences, general. --- Biomedicine general. --- Oncology  . --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Immunobiology --- Serology --- Health Workforce --- Biomedicine, general. --- Cancer research

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There has been major growth in understanding immune suppression mechanisms and its relationship to cancer progression and therapy. This book highlights emerging new principles of immune suppression that drive cancer and it offers radically new ideas about how therapy can be improved by attacking these principles. Following work that firmly establishes immune escape as an essential trait of cancer, recent studies have now defined specific mechanisms of tumoral immune suppression. It also demonstrates how attacking tumors with molecular targeted therapeutics or traditional chemotherapeutic drug

Cancer --- Antineoplastic Agents --- Tumors --- Immunotherapy --- therapeutic use --- Immunological aspects --- Antineoplastic agents --- Tumor immunology --- Anticancer agents --- Antineoplastic drugs --- Antineoplastics --- Antitumor agents --- Antitumor drugs --- Cytotoxic drugs --- Inhibitors, Neoplasm --- Neoplasm inhibitors --- Drugs --- Immunotherapy. --- Therapeutic use. --- Immunological aspects. --- Chemotherapy --- Treatment --- Cancer - Immunotherapy --- Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use --- Tumors - Immunological aspects

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Cancer has surpassed heart disease as the number one killer in the world, and standard cancer therapy such as radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery may have reached its plateau in further improving the outcome of treated patients. Biological therapies combined with other treatment approaches may be the next X-factor to greatly extend survival time and improve patients’ quality of life. One of the most developed fields in biological therapy is immune therapy, which has stemmed into many branches due to its significance and the tremendous effort by a large population of scientists. Tumor-targeted antibody therapy has been successfully used for treating some types of tumors, and the first tumor vaccine against ovarian cancer has been developed for clinical application. Targeted Cancer Immune Therapy provides comprehensive coverage of novel immune therapeutic approaches, including cytokine therapy, engineered cell therapy, and the application of tumor-targeted antibodies for generating tumor-specific cell therapy, TLR ligand therapy, and cytokine therapy. In the section "Cytokine Immune Therapy," the authors review relatively new cytokine family members, such as the IL12 family, IL18, IL21, IL24, IL28, and IL29, in regard to the anti-tumor function and application in treating tumors. The strategy for targeting and retaining cytokines in the tumor microenvironment is also reviewed. The section "Cell-based Immune Therapy" focuses on reviewing "state of the art" approaches for engineering potent immune regulatory or effector cells, such as dendritic cells, T cells, and stem cells, for tumor targeting and initiation of tumor specific immune response. In the section "Targeted Immune Therapy," the authors rearticulate antibody therapy for boosting immune response, which includes immunocytokines, "T-body," and tumor targeted CpG ODN. Some or all of these innovative approaches may ultimately become effective future immune therapies for treating malignancy.

Cancer -- Immunotherapy. --- Cancer. --- Tumors -- Immunological aspects. --- Cancer --- Immunotherapy --- Methods --- Neoplasms --- Investigative Techniques --- Immunomodulation --- Diseases --- Biological Therapy --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Therapeutics --- Oncology --- Internal Medicine --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Immunotherapy. --- Treatment. --- Cancer therapy --- Cancer treatment --- Therapy --- Medicine. --- Cancer research. --- Pharmacology. --- Biomedicine. --- Cancer Research. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Medical sciences --- Chemicals --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Cancer research --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Physiological effect --- Immunological aspects --- Treatment --- Oncology. --- Toxicology. --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Tumors --- Toxicology