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This book fundamentally revises our notion of why soldiers of the eighteenth century enlisted, served and fought. In contrast to traditional views of the brutal conditions supposedly prevailing in old-regime armies, Ilya Berkovich reveals that soldiers did not regard military discipline as illegitimate or unnecessarily cruel, nor did they perceive themselves as submissive military automatons. Instead he shows how these men embraced a unique corporate identity based on military professionalism, forceful masculinity and hostility toward civilians. These values fostered the notion of individual and collective soldierly honour which helped to create the bonding effect which contributed toward greater combat cohesion. Utilising research on military psychology and combat theory, and employing the letters, diaries and memoirs of around 250 private soldiers and non-commissioned officers from over a dozen different European armies, Motivation in War transforms our understanding of life of the common soldier in early modern Europe.

Polemology --- History of Europe --- anno 1700-1799 --- Alltag. --- Erfahrung. --- Identität. --- Militarismus. --- Military morale --- Military morale. --- Männlichkeit. --- Sociology, Military --- Sociology, Military. --- Soldat. --- Soldiers --- Soldiers. --- History --- Europa. --- 1700-1799. --- Europe --- Europe. --- History, Military --- Military sociology --- Armed Forces --- Armies --- Peace --- War --- War and society --- Armed Forces personnel --- Members of the Armed Forces --- Military personnel --- Military service members --- Service members --- Servicemen, Military --- Troop morale --- Morale --- Psychology, Military

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"Pacifist to Padre deftly threads so many elements of the World War II chaplaincy into a compelling and thoughtful narrative. It offers a personal window into a complex institution. It provides insight into the world of an unusual American space that has been naturalized as normal: of government-sponsored and managed religion. And it brings that world into focus from the vantage point of a man who never would have predicted pinning the Jewish chaplain's tablet insignia to his collar, a Jewish pacifist turned military padre"--

World War, 1939-1945 --- Iwo Jima, Battle of, Japan, 1945 --- Military morale --- Marines --- Rabbis --- Participation, Jewish. --- Psychology. --- Chaplains --- Gittelsohn, Roland Bertram, --- United States. --- European War, 1939-1945 --- Second World War, 1939-1945 --- World War 2, 1939-1945 --- World War II, 1939-1945 --- World War Two, 1939-1945 --- WW II (World War, 1939-1945) --- WWII (World War, 1939-1945) --- History, Modern --- Armed Forces --- Troop morale --- Morale --- Psychology, Military --- Jews --- U.S. Marine Corps --- United States Marine Corps --- USMC --- USMC (United States Marine Corps)

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World War, 1939-1945 --- Military morale --- Sociologists --- Soldiers --- Social surveys --- Sociology, Military --- European War, 1939-1945 --- Second World War, 1939-1945 --- World War 2, 1939-1945 --- World War II, 1939-1945 --- World War Two, 1939-1945 --- WW II (World War, 1939-1945) --- WWII (World War, 1939-1945) --- History, Modern --- Armed Forces personnel --- Members of the Armed Forces --- Military personnel --- Military service members --- Service members --- Servicemen, Military --- Armed Forces --- Military sociology --- Armies --- Peace --- War --- War and society --- Community surveys --- Surveys, Social --- Social sciences --- Surveys --- Troop morale --- Morale --- Psychology, Military --- Social aspects --- Psychological aspects --- Social conditions --- Attitudes. --- History --- Research --- Stouffer, Samuel A., --- United States. --- History. --- Stouffer, Sam, --- Stouffer, Samuel Andrew, --- Psychological aspects.

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The men who fought in Napoleon’s Grande Armée built a new empire that changed the world. Remarkably, the same men raised arms during the French Revolution for liberté, égalité, and fraternité. In just over a decade, these freedom fighters, who had once struggled to overthrow tyrants, rallied to the side of a man who wanted to dominate Europe. What was behind this drastic change of heart? In this ground-breaking study, Michael J. Hughes shows how Napoleonic military culture shaped the motivation of Napoleon’s soldiers. Relying on extensive archival research and blending cultural and military history, Hughes demonstrates that the Napoleonic regime incorporated elements from both the Old Regime and French Revolutionary military culture to craft a new military culture, characterized by loyalty to both Napoleon and the preservation of French hegemony in Europe. Underscoring this new, hybrid military culture were five sources of motivation: honor, patriotism, a martial and virile masculinity, devotion to Napoleon, and coercion. Forging Napoleon's Grande Armée vividly illustrates how this many-pronged culture gave Napoleon’s soldiers reasons to fight.

Napoleonic Wars, 1800-1815. --- Sociology, Military --- Military morale --- Masculinity --- Soldiers --- Napoleonic Wars, 1800-1814 --- Military sociology --- Armed Forces --- Armies --- Peace --- War --- War and society --- Troop morale --- Morale --- Psychology, Military --- Masculinity (Psychology) --- Sex (Psychology) --- Men --- Armed Forces personnel --- Members of the Armed Forces --- Military personnel --- Military service members --- Service members --- Servicemen, Military --- History --- Attitudes --- Napoleon --- Bonapart, Napoleon, --- Bonāpārṭa, Nepoliyana, --- Bonaparte, Napoleão, --- Bonaparte, Napoleon, --- Bonaparte, Napoleone, --- Bonaparṭeh, Napolyon, --- Buonaparte, Napoleon, --- Na-pʻo-lun, --- Nābuliyūn, --- Napoleone --- Napʻolleong, --- Napolun, --- נפוליאון --- נפוליאון, --- نابليون --- بونابرت، نابليون، --- Būnābart, Nābuliyūn, --- Military leadership. --- France. --- Military life. --- History. --- France --- History, Military --- Napoléon --- Bonaparte, Napoléon --- Bonāpārṭa, Nepoliyana --- Bonaparte, Napoleão --- Bonaparte, Napoleon --- Bonaparte, Napoleone --- Buonaparte, Napoleon --- Na-pʻo-lun --- Napolun

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"This book is a study of the combat motivation and morale of infantrymen in the Canadian Army during the Second World War. Using previously unexamined archival sources, including battle experience questionnaires, censorship reports, statistical analyses, and operational research, it offers a "big-picture" look at the human dimensions of warfare as experienced by Canadian soldiers in Italy and northwest Europe from 1943 to 1945. The work addresses many long-standing myths about the composition, behavior, and morale of the Canadians who fought in the Second World War, ie. "that the Canadian reinforcement stream produced poorly trained and unmotivated replacements, men who did not fit well into battle seasoned units and whose lack of basic skills, motivation and knowledge adversely affected the combat power of Canadian infantry units." Engen explains how this perception emerged and became entrenched in official and scholarly historiography, and he shows why it is largely untrue. After establishing some of thedemographic parameters of the Canadian Army in two background chapters, The author assesses the force structure, behavior in battle, morale, cohesion, and motivation of Canadian infantrymen in each of four periods during the war (Sicily and Italy,1943; Italy, 1944-45; Normandy, 1944; northwest Europe, 1944-45), comparing them to demonstrate continuities and change based upon shifting conditions, ground, and circumstances. As with his prior book, Engen connects his empirical research with wider literature in the field--this time using the concept of "swift trust" to explain the cohesion in the Canadian regiments, even as their personnel frequently changed. He proposes a new interpretation of Canadian combat motivation: due to high casualty rates, influxes of new reinforcements, and organizational turmoil, Canadian soldiers frequently fought as "strangers-in-arms" alongside unfamiliar faces. In spite of this, they maintained remarkably high levels of cohesion, morale, and effectiveness throughout the fighting. Engen argues that these successes can be attributed to the phenomenon of swift trust cohesion, the preservation of core leadership despite heavy casualties, and effective training."--

World War, 1939-1945 --- Motivation (Psychology) --- Military morale --- Soldiers --- Combat --- Combat sustainability (Military science) --- Guerre mondiale, 1939-1945 --- Motivation (Psychologie) --- Militaires --- Soldats --- Capacité de soutien du combat (Science militaire) --- Sustainability, Combat (Military science) --- Logistics --- Military art and science --- Psychology, Military --- Armed Forces personnel --- Members of the Armed Forces --- Military personnel --- Military service members --- Service members --- Servicemen, Military --- Armed Forces --- Troop morale --- Morale --- Action, Psychology of --- Drive (Psychology) --- Psychology of action --- Psychology --- European War, 1939-1945 --- Second World War, 1939-1945 --- World War 2, 1939-1945 --- World War II, 1939-1945 --- World War Two, 1939-1945 --- WW II (World War, 1939-1945) --- WWII (World War, 1939-1945) --- History, Modern --- Regimental histories --- Participation, Canadian. --- Manpower --- Psychological aspects. --- History --- Psychology. --- Histoire des unités --- Participation canadienne. --- Aspect psychologique. --- Histoire --- Moral --- Psychologie. --- Canada. --- Canadian Army --- Infanterie