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Uncovers the long history of how Latino manhood was integral to the formation of Latino identity In the first ever book-length study of Latino manhood before the Civil Rights Movement, Before Chicano examines Mexican American print culture to explore how conceptions of citizenship and manhood developed in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The year 1848 saw both the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo that ended the U.S. Mexican War and the year of the Seneca Falls Convention, the first organized conference on women’s rights in the United States. These concurrent events signaled new ways of thinking about U.S. citizenship, and placing these historical moments into conversation with the archive of Mexican American print culture, Varon offers an expanded temporal frame for Mexican Americans as long-standing participants in U.S. national projects. Pulling from a wide-variety of familiar and lesser-known works—from fiction and newspapers to government documents, images, and travelogues—Varon illustrates how Mexican Americans during this period envisioned themselves as U.S. citizens through cultural depictions of manhood. Before Chicano reveals how manhood offered a strategy to disparate Latino communities across the nation to imagine themselves as a cohesive whole—as Mexican Americans—and as political agents in the U.S. Though the Civil Rights Movement is typically recognized as the origin point for the study of Latino culture, Varon pushes us to consider an intellectual history that far predates the late twentieth century, one that is both national and transnational. He expands our framework for imagining Latinos’ relationship to the U.S. and to a past that is often left behind.

Citizenship --- Mexican Americans --- History --- Ethnic identity --- United States. --- Adolfo Carrillo. --- America First. --- American citizenship. --- American democratic individualism. --- American literature. --- American political history. --- Américo Paredes. --- Bracero Program. --- Catarino Garza. --- Charles Lummis. --- Chicano movement. --- Chicano. --- Donald Trump and immigration. --- Gertrude Atherton. --- Josefina Niggli. --- José Antonio Villarreal. --- Jovita Gonzalez. --- Juan Nepomuceno Cortina. --- Latino Studies. --- Latino culture. --- Latino identity. --- Manuel Cabeza de Baca. --- Mexican American bandit. --- Mexican American war. --- Mexican American. --- Mexican Revolution. --- Monterrey. --- México de afuera. --- Spanish fantasy heritage. --- Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. --- U.S. citizenship. --- Vicente Silva. --- Woodrow Wilson. --- World War I. --- expatriate. --- immigrant labor. --- immigration. --- manhood and masculinity. --- nationalism. --- racialization. --- sexuality. --- transnationalism. --- xenophobia.

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Although Mexico lost its northern territories to the United States in 1848, battles over property rights and ownership have remained intense. This turbulent, vividly narrated story of the Maxwell Land Grant, a single tract of 1.7 million acres in northeastern New Mexico, shows how contending groups reinterpret the meaning of property to uphold their conflicting claims to land. The Southwest has been and continues to be the scene of a collision between land regimes with radically different cultural conceptions of the land's purpose. We meet Jicarilla Apaches, whose identity is rooted in a sense of place; Mexican governors and hacienda patrons seeking status as New World feudal magnates; "rings" of greedy territorial politicians on the make; women finding their own way in a man's world; Anglo homesteaders looking for a place to settle in the American West; and Dutch investors in search of gargantuan returns on their capital. The European and American newcomers all "mistranslated" the prior property regimes into new rules, to their own advantage and the disadvantage of those who had lived on the land before them. Their efforts to control the Maxwell Land Grant by wrapping it in their own particular myths of law and custom inevitably led to conflict and even violence as cultures and legal regimes clashed.

Land tenure --- Agrarian tenure --- Feudal tenure --- Freehold --- Land ownership --- Land question --- Landownership --- Tenure of land --- Land use, Rural --- Real property --- Land, Nationalization of --- Landowners --- Serfdom --- History --- Maxwell Land Grant (N.M. and Colo.) --- New Mexico --- Beaubien-Miranda Grant (N.M. and Colo.) --- Miranda-Beaubien Grant (N.M. and Colo.) --- Nuevo México --- Nuevo Méjico --- History. --- Race relations. --- Nuebo México --- Departamento del Nuevo Mejico --- american west. --- chicano. --- colonialism. --- colorado. --- ethnicity. --- frontier. --- history. --- homestead act. --- indigenous people. --- indigenous rights. --- land development. --- land grant. --- land rights. --- legal history. --- lucien maxwell. --- mexican americans. --- mexican governors. --- mexican history. --- mexico. --- native american. --- new mexico. --- pioneers. --- race. --- settler colonialism. --- settlers. --- settling the west. --- southwest. --- squatters. --- supreme court. --- treaties. --- treaty of guadalupe hidalgo. --- us courts. --- wild west.