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This detailed volume explores methods and techniques reflecting how viruses can be a beneficial force for all levels of life as well as the mammalian microbiota. Beginning with methods for the development and study of viruses, the book continues with current techniques and approaches used to develop new treatments from virus-derived vaccines to vectors and proteins, such as a range of models and methods designed to measure therapeutic efficacy of virus-derived biologics and therapeutic proteins. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Viruses as Therapeutics: Methods and Protocols is an ideal guide for researchers working to further understand how viruses can benefit lifeforms and even prevent damage from other viruses.

Virology. --- Therapeutics. --- Medical treatment --- Therapy --- Treatment of diseases --- Treatments for diseases --- Clinical medicine --- Microbiology

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a large family of small, approximately 20-22-nucleotide, non-coding RNAs that are involved in gene regulation, mainly at the post-transcriptional level. Multiple lines of evidence have indicated that miRNAs play important roles in the maintenance of biological homeostasis and that aberrant expression levels of miRNAs are involved in the onset of many diseases, including cancer. In various types of cancer, miRNAs play important roles in tumor initiation and development. Recently, miRNAs have been demonstrated to also be secreted via small endosome-derived vesicles called exosomes-which are derived from multiple cell types-including immunocytes and cancer cells. Exosomal miRNAs exert important functions in cell-to-cell communication and have been investigated as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. This Special Issue of the Journal of Clinical Medicine will cover the following important aspects of miRNA functions in cancer biology: Biosynthesis of miRNA and its roles in gene regulation; Roles of miRNA in cancer biology, including 1 Roles of miRNA in tumor initiation and development, 2 Roles of miRNA in drug resistance, 3 Roles of miRNA in metastasis; Therapeutic potential of miRNAs for cancer therapy; Roles of circulating miRNAs in cancer development; Expression levels/profiles of body fluid miRNAs for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic responses; Novel and efficient miRNA delivery methods and their applications in cancer therapy.

Therapeutics. --- Medical treatment --- Therapy --- Treatment of diseases --- Treatments for diseases --- Clinical medicine

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This volume collects a wide range of papers discussing all aspects of Therapeutic Community (TC) research. An invaluable resource for anyone involved in the field, it considers questions of which methods are most appropriate in the TC environment, how research studies affect this, as well as practical and ethical questions.

Clinical medicine. --- Therapeutics --- Medical treatment --- Therapy --- Treatment of diseases --- Treatments for diseases --- Clinical medicine --- Medicine, Clinical --- Medicine --- Research.

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After training as an apothecary and surgeon, Jonathan Pereira (1804-53) taught materia medica for many years. His lectures at the medical school in London's Aldersgate Street were highly successful and formed the basis for the first edition of his major encyclopaedic work on medicinal substances. A pioneering text in the field of pharmacology, Pereira's work, which he subsequently updated in further editions, provided pharmacists and medical professionals with a more rigorous scientific understanding of the drugs and remedies they prescribed. After Pereira's death, medical jurist Alfred Swaine Taylor (1806-80) and physician George Owen Rees (1813-89) prepared this revised and expanded fourth edition, interspersed with instructive woodcuts. Volume 2 is divided into two parts. Part 1 (1855) continues with articles on special pharmacology, moving on from inorganic compounds to discuss the medicinal properties of organic compounds.

Materia medica. --- Therapeutics. --- Medical treatment --- Therapy --- Treatment of diseases --- Treatments for diseases --- Clinical medicine --- Therapeutics --- Drugs --- Pharmacy

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Having served as a military surgeon in India, where he also pursued botanical research and investigated the efficacy of Hindu medicines, John Forbes Royle (1798-1858) went on to become a professor of materia medica at King's College, London. Acknowledging the need for a thorough yet manageable textbook on the subject, he published in 1847 this manual containing entries on the medicinal substances derived from minerals, plants and animals that were used in Britain at that time. The terminology, operations and aims of pharmaceutical practice are also addressed, and the differing preparations of the London, Edinburgh and Dublin pharmacopoeias are taken into account for the benefit of students. Furthermore, the work provides information on recently discovered medicines, 'as may be seen among the Preparations of Iron and of Gold, as well as in Matico, Indian Hemp, Bebeerine &c'.

Materia medica. --- Therapeutics. --- Medical treatment --- Therapy --- Treatment of diseases --- Treatments for diseases --- Clinical medicine --- Therapeutics --- Drugs --- Pharmacy