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Since 1990, Singapore has sought to control motor vehicle ownership by means of an auction quota system, whereby prospective vehicle buyers need to obtain a quota license before they can make their purchase. This paper assesses the success of the vehicle quota system in meeting its objectives of stability in motor vehicle growth, flexibility in the motor vehicle mix, and equity among motor vehicle buyers. Two important implementation issues-quota subcategorization and license transferability-are highlighted, and policy lessons are drawn for the design of auction quotas in general.

Investments: Commodities --- Taxation --- Demography --- Auctions --- Rationing --- Licensing --- Transportation Systems: Government Pricing --- Regulatory Policies --- Demographic Economics: General --- Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts --- Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Population & demography --- Public finance & taxation --- Population & migration geography --- Investment & securities --- Population and demographics --- Population growth --- Transaction tax --- Arbitrage --- Tax incidence --- Taxes --- Commodities --- Tax policy --- Population --- Financial instruments --- Tax administration and procedure --- Singapore

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• Reference Manager
• EndNote
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Fiscal instruments are potentially among the most effective, and cost-effective, options for addressing externalities related to poor air quality, urban road congestion, and greenhouse gases. This paper takes a case study, focused on Mauritius (a pioneer in the use of green taxes) to illustrate how existing taxes, especially on fuels and vehicles, could be reformed to better address these externalities. We discuss, in particular, an explicit carbon tax; a variety of options for reforming vehicle taxes to meet environmental, equity, and revenue objectives; and a progressive transition to usage-based vehicle taxes to address congestion.

Environmental policy --- Environmental impact charges --- Taxation --- Climatic changes --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Duties --- Fee system (Taxation) --- Tax policy --- Tax reform --- Taxation, Incidence of --- Taxes --- Finance, Public --- Revenue --- Eco-taxes --- Ecological taxes --- Ecotaxes --- Effluent charges --- Environmental exploitation charges --- Environmental impact fees --- Environmental taxes --- Green taxes --- Pollution charges --- User charges --- Environment and state --- Environmental control --- Environmental management --- Environmental protection --- Environmental quality --- State and environment --- Environmental auditing --- Environmental aspects --- Government policy --- Global environmental change --- Public Finance --- Environmental Conservation and Protection --- Environment and Development --- Environment and Trade --- Sustainability --- Environmental Accounts and Accounting --- Environmental Equity --- Population Growth --- Environmental Economics: Government Policy --- Taxation and Subsidies: Externalities --- Redistributive Effects --- Environmental Taxes and Subsidies --- Transportation Systems: Government Pricing --- Regulatory Policies --- Business Taxes and Subsidies --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Climate --- Natural Disasters and Their Management --- Global Warming --- Excise taxes --- Public finance & taxation --- Public expenditure review --- Greenhouse gas emissions --- Fuel tax --- Excises --- Vehicle taxes --- Expenditure --- Environment --- Expenditures, Public --- Excise tax --- Greenhouse gases --- Motor fuels;Taxation --- Mauritius