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Computerized simulation. --- Orbital mechanics. --- Three body problem. --- Three dimensional motion. --- Translational motion.

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Translational motion in solution, either diffusion or fluid flow, is at the heart of chemical and biochemical reactivity. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) provides a powerful non-invasive technique for studying the phenomena using magnetic field gradient methods. Describing the physical basis of measurement techniques, with particular emphasis on diffusion, balancing theory with experimental observations and assuming little mathematical knowledge, this is a strong, yet accessible, introduction to the field. A detailed discussion of magnetic field gradient methods applied to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is included, alongside extensive referencing throughout, providing a timely, definitive book to the subject, ideal for researchers in the fields of physics, chemistry and biology.

Reactivity (Chemistry) --- Nuclear magnetic resonance. --- Réactivité (Chimie) --- Résonance magnétique nucléaire --- Translational motion --- Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. --- Diffusion-weighted imaging --- Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging --- Magnetic resonance imaging --- Magnetic resonance, Nuclear --- NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance) --- Nuclear spin resonance --- Resonance, Nuclear spin --- Magnetic resonance --- Nuclear spin --- Nuclear quadrupole resonance --- Chemical reaction, Conditions and laws of --- Chemical reactions --- Motion --- Measurement.

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The Special Issue “Radar and Sonar Imaging Processing” is a collection of 21 articles exploring many topics related to remote sensing with radar and sonar sensors. In this editorial, we present short introductions of the published articles. The series of articles in this SI deal with a broad profile of aspects of the use of radar and sonar images in line with the latest scientific trends while making use of the latest developments in science, including artificial intelligence. It can be said that both radar and sonar imaging and processing still remain a “hot topic” and much research in this area is being conducted worldwide. New techniques and methods for extracting information from radar and sonar sensors and data have been proposed and verified. Some of these will stimulate further research while others have reached maturity and can be considered for industrial implementation and development.

Research & information: general --- radar --- fuzzy sets theory --- artificial neural network --- game theory --- safe ship trajectory --- computer simulation --- computer decision support --- underwater sonar image --- adaptive denoising --- detection --- adaptive initialization --- synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) --- multireceiver --- numerical evaluation --- numerical transfer function --- imaging algorithm --- X-Band radar --- marine radar current measurement --- quality control --- measurement reliability --- accuracies --- precision --- WaMoS® II --- vessel mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler --- autonomous surface vehicles --- anti-collision --- automotive radar --- target detection --- interferometric inverse synthetic aperture radar (InISAR) --- image registration --- translational motion parameters estimation --- strong scattering centers fusion --- terahertz radar imaging --- side-scan sonar image --- gray scale correction --- Retinex --- image enhancement --- side-scan sonar --- multibeam echo sounder --- initial image matching with constraint --- dense local self-similarity --- superimposition --- quadratic phase error --- SAR --- approximation --- spaceborne real-time SAR imaging --- orbit determination error --- synthetic aperture radar (SAR) --- low frequency --- high-resolution --- large bandwidth --- improved generalized chirp scaling (GCS) --- Lagrange inversion theorem --- range-dependent coupling --- complex Doppler ambiguity --- fast-maneuvering target refocusing --- non-uniform FFT (NUFFT) --- 1D scaled Fourier transform (1D SCFT) --- 3D sonar --- bathymetry --- data reduction --- autonomous navigation --- ground penetrating radar --- underground cavity detection network --- deep convolutional neural network --- automated underground object classification --- phase analysis --- super-resolution --- anti-drone systems --- FMCW radars --- drones detection --- radars calibration --- narrow-band radar --- target classification --- signal reconstruction --- features extraction --- weighted features fusion --- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) --- focusing --- periodically gapped data --- complex deconvolution --- side scan sonar --- bottom tracking --- one-dimensional convolutional neural network --- signal recognition --- real-time processing --- space-borne SAR --- deceptive jamming --- Doppler sensor --- acoustic vector sensor --- road traffic monitoring --- water column image --- gas emissions --- automatic detection --- optical flow --- parallax --- cloud --- earth observation --- geostationary satellite --- meteorological radar --- MSG --- SEVIRI --- sonar --- data fusion --- sensor design --- target tracking --- target imaging --- image understanding --- target recognition --- radar --- fuzzy sets theory --- artificial neural network --- game theory --- safe ship trajectory --- computer simulation --- computer decision support --- underwater sonar image --- adaptive denoising --- detection --- adaptive initialization --- synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) --- multireceiver --- numerical evaluation --- numerical transfer function --- imaging algorithm --- X-Band radar --- marine radar current measurement --- quality control --- measurement reliability --- accuracies --- precision --- WaMoS® II --- vessel mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler --- autonomous surface vehicles --- anti-collision --- automotive radar --- target detection --- interferometric inverse synthetic aperture radar (InISAR) --- image registration --- translational motion parameters estimation --- strong scattering centers fusion --- terahertz radar imaging --- side-scan sonar image --- gray scale correction --- Retinex --- image enhancement --- side-scan sonar --- multibeam echo sounder --- initial image matching with constraint --- dense local self-similarity --- superimposition --- quadratic phase error --- SAR --- approximation --- spaceborne real-time SAR imaging --- orbit determination error --- synthetic aperture radar (SAR) --- low frequency --- high-resolution --- large bandwidth --- improved generalized chirp scaling (GCS) --- Lagrange inversion theorem --- range-dependent coupling --- complex Doppler ambiguity --- fast-maneuvering target refocusing --- non-uniform FFT (NUFFT) --- 1D scaled Fourier transform (1D SCFT) --- 3D sonar --- bathymetry --- data reduction --- autonomous navigation --- ground penetrating radar --- underground cavity detection network --- deep convolutional neural network --- automated underground object classification --- phase analysis --- super-resolution --- anti-drone systems --- FMCW radars --- drones detection --- radars calibration --- narrow-band radar --- target classification --- signal reconstruction --- features extraction --- weighted features fusion --- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) --- focusing --- periodically gapped data --- complex deconvolution --- side scan sonar --- bottom tracking --- one-dimensional convolutional neural network --- signal recognition --- real-time processing --- space-borne SAR --- deceptive jamming --- Doppler sensor --- acoustic vector sensor --- road traffic monitoring --- water column image --- gas emissions --- automatic detection --- optical flow --- parallax --- cloud --- earth observation --- geostationary satellite --- meteorological radar --- MSG --- SEVIRI --- sonar --- data fusion --- sensor design --- target tracking --- target imaging --- image understanding --- target recognition