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Explores the role of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in employment and in the economy in Tanzania and examines the characteristics of MSE owners and workers. Analyses the effect of the policy and legal environment on the volume and quality of employment in the country.

Finance. --- International trade -- Finance. --- Small enterprises.

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Covers data from 1990 to 1997.

Employment. --- International trade -- Finance. --- Small enterprises.

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Islamic trade finance (ITF) offers a meaningful opportunity for Malaysia. ITF can play a substantial role to support trade, foster growth, and accelerate post-pandemic recovery. In addition to its impact on the domestic economy, enhancing ITF can bring benefits to other Organization of Islamic Countries (OIC)-member countries and for the global Islamic finance industry in which Malaysia is an established leader. This report explores the ITF opportunity by considering: (1) the current state of global trade finance and of ITF; (2) institutions and instruments active in providing ITF; (3) key challenges ahead in expanding ITF; and (4) opportunities for expanding ITF in Malaysia. The report includes (5) a set of recommendations for stakeholders in Malaysia and beyond to avail of the opportunity that ITF offers. While the recommendations are focused on Malaysia, they may also have relevance for other developing economies where Islamic finance is relevant. The report argues that key strides have already been made in Malaysia and globally to establish ITF concepts, products, and structures. The relative under-utilization of ITF is due to challenges related to awareness, promotion, scale, and harmonization. Addressing these challenges, through a set of recommendations, can foster ongoing growth of ITF in service of Malaysia's development objectives.

Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Foreign Trade Promotion and Regulation --- Islamic Finance --- Trade Facilitation --- Trade Finance

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The Group CMI is a Belgian company founded in 1817. Its headquarters are located in Seraing but the group holds about 80 subsidiaries in the world. As a mechanical and engineering company, CMI is activite in many sectors namely; energy, industry, defence, services and environment. 
CMI develops its activities all around the world and the contracts negociated are usually huge projects which implies large amounts. CMI is specialized in offering financing to its clients which is a competitive advantage for the company. Nevertheless CMI decided to develop its environmental section through water and sanitation projects. However, those kind of contracts are commonly unprofitable, so the financing tools that CMI usually benefits from are not usable as the projects do not generate returns for the banks.
Yet we know that there are some Multilateral Development Banks that provide financing for such projects in emerging or poor countries with better conditions than the market. Our objective was to understand those international institutions to get access to the markets they finance and thus be able to expand the CMI’s environmental sector. 
Therefore, we have then analysed the way those MDBs were working by interviewing some stakeholders of the Belgian export agencies, other companies and staff members. We have listed the largest ones and defined their strategies, goals and scope of operation to find out how to deal with them.
We discovered that it requires hard work and patience to be awarded for such projects but the impact of lobbying is the most significant to obtain contracts. Also, we pointed out that Walloon companies needed more help from public governments to enhance them and make them aware of the existing opportunities. 
This work has contributed to providing a decision-making tool in the process of taking part in international competitive bidding sponsored by MDBs. Moreover, this work highlights the different steps to follow and what to do in order to increase the chances to be awarded.

Multilateral Development Banks, international finance, trade finance, International Financial Institutions, international market, emerging countries --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Finance

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This paper examines the impacts of U.S.-China trade tensions via the lens of East Asian stock markets. Studying 10 indices of the main East Asian stock markets, it finds that announcements of "trade war" escalation translated into 50 to 60 percent of the total declines in two major Chinese stock markets over the first eight months of 2018. In other words, in the absence of the "trade war" Asian stocks would have experienced half the decline, or they would have registered gains.

Event Study --- International Economics and Trade --- Investment and Investment Climate --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Stock Returns --- Trade Finance and Investment --- Trade Policy --- Trade Wars