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Book
The EU Factor in the Trade Policies of Central European Countries
Author:
Year: 1999 Publisher: Washington, D.C., The World Bank,

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Abstract

Despite strong protectionist sentiments, trade regimes have remained open in Central European countries invited to negotiate their accession to the European Union. Regional disciplines (the EU factor), combined with the legacy of low tariffs under GATT commitments, appear to have offset domestic protectionist impulses. Kaminski examines the development of foreign trade institutions and policies in Central European countries invited to negotiate their accession to the European Union. With the dismantling of state trading, conditions of market access have been dramatically liberalized. However, except for Estonia and, to a lesser extent, the Czech Republic, most Central European countries have followed a policy of bilateral rather than multilateral trade liberalization. The fall in tariff rates on preferential imports has prompted a search for nontariff barriers, but these countries' trade regimes have remained open - which is surprising, considering the strong protectionist sentiments in economic administration. Regional disciplines (the EU factor), combined with the legacy of low tariffs under GATT commitments, appear to have been responsible for this openness. Foreign trade policy has been shaped by tensions between domestic protectionist impulses and pressures from the European Union (and other World Trade Organization members) to improve conditions of market access. This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to examine trade and integration issues. The author may be contacted at bkaminski@worldbank.org.

Trade and employment in developing countries.
Authors: ---
ISBN: 0226454924 0226454940 0226454932 9786611223779 1281223778 0226455033 0226454959 9786611223786 1281223786 0226455068 9786611431105 1281431109 0226455041 9780226455037 9780226455044 9780226454924 9780226454931 9780226454948 Year: 1981 Volume: 2 Publisher: Chicago : University of Chicago Press,

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This first book of a three-volume study examines the way trade policies in developing countries affect the level and composition of employment. There is special emphasis on the effects of import substitution policies that attempt to make a country self-sufficient by producing local substitutes for imports, as compared with policies that further the expansion of imports. Ten countries are studied: Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Indonesia, the Ivory Coast, Pakistan, South Korea, Thailand, Tunisia, and Uruguay. The contributors to the volume analyze the link between trade strategies and employment within a common framework, and the analyses of trade policy include the level and structure of protection, the relation of trade policy to labor demand, the labor intensiveness of trade, and the extent of distortions in factor markets and their effects on trade.

Keywords

Didactic evaluation --- Educational psychology --- Didactics of mathematics --- Mathematical ability --- #WWIS:AGGR --- #PEDA *015.3 --- #PEDA *2.851 --- #PEDA *P 0 <47> --- Arithmetical ability --- Number ability --- Ability --- Foreign trade and employment --- 331.5 --- Arbeidsmarkt. Werkgelegenheid --(algemeen) --- 331.5 Arbeidsmarkt. Werkgelegenheid --(algemeen) --- 331.526 --- Levels of employment. Employment situation, conditions --- 331.526 Levels of employment. Employment situation, conditions --- -339.5 Buitenlandse handel. Internationale handel. Ruilvoet --- Learning, Psychology of --- 339.5 --- 339.96 --- 339.5 Buitenlandse handel. Internationale handel. Ruilvoet --- Buitenlandse handel. Internationale handel. Ruilvoet --- 339.96 Ontwikkelingshulp. Ontwikkelingssamenwerking. Ontwikkelingsproblematiek --- Ontwikkelingshulp. Ontwikkelingssamenwerking. Ontwikkelingsproblematiek --- Learning --- Psychology of learning --- Comprehension --- Learning ability --- Psychological aspects --- Underdeveloped areas --- -Addresses, essays, lectures --- Labour market --- Foreign trade. International trade --- Developing countries --- Commerce. --- E-books --- Employment and foreign trade --- Labor market --- Commerce --- International trade --- Labor supply --- Investments, Foreign, and employment --- Trade adjustment assistance --- Effect of international trade on --- Addresses, essays, lectures --- -339.96 Ontwikkelingshulp. Ontwikkelingssamenwerking. Ontwikkelingsproblematiek --- -Ontwikkelingshulp. Ontwikkelingssamenwerking. Ontwikkelingsproblematiek --- Foreign trade and employment - Developing countries --- Developing countries - Commerce - Addresses, essays, lectures --- trade regimes, labor, employment, prices, credit, taxes, taxation, wages, exchange rates, developing countries, commerce, business, finance, economy, economics, nonfiction, multinational firms, skill, capital, brazil, export, growth, substitution, manufacturing, factor allocations, income, protection, colombia, supply, international, foreign, investment, industry. --- study, trade policy, policies, developing world, employment, employer, job, workforce, workplace, workers, substitution, self sufficient, local, imports, exports, brazil, chile, colombia, indonesia, ivory coast, pakistan, south korea, thailand, tunisia, uruguay, strategies, protection, labor, market, marketplace, essay collection, academic, scholarly, research. --- -Foreign trade and employment

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