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A People's Guide to Los Angeles offers an assortment of eye-opening alternatives to L.A.'s usual tourist destinations. It documents 115 little-known sites in the City of Angels where struggles related to race, class, gender, and sexuality have occurred. They introduce us to people and events usually ignored by mainstream media and, in the process, create a fresh history of Los Angeles. Roughly dividing the city into six regions-North Los Angeles, the Eastside and San Gabriel Valley, South Los Angeles, Long Beach and the Harbor, the Westside, and the San Fernando Valley-this illuminating guide shows how power operates in the shaping of places, and how it remains embedded in the landscape.

Cities and towns --- Global cities --- Municipalities --- Towns --- Urban areas --- Urban systems --- Human settlements --- Sociology, Urban --- Los Angeles (Calif.) --- Social conditions. --- History. --- city of angels. --- eastside. --- little-known sites. --- mainstream media. --- north la. --- obscure sites. --- san fernando valley. --- san gabriel valley. --- south la. --- southern california. --- tourist destination. --- tourist. --- travel guide. --- travel like a local. --- west coast vacation.

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Face à l'insatisfaction du système agroalimentaire conventionnel globalisé, plusieurs mouvements alternatifs d’alimentation émergent à travers le monde. Ces mouvements se développent autour d’un certain nombre de problématiques telles que la santé, l’environnement, la qualité de l'alimentation ou encore la justice sociale, menacés par le système actuel. Parmi ces alternatives, les marchés fermiers sont souvent décrits comme des lieux faisant face à ces problématiques. Ils sont vus comme une source de produits de qualité, durables et équitables. Certains spécialistes les voient également comme des lieux de rencontres et d’échanges entre des populations de divers horizons. D’autres chercheurs reconnaissent leur capacité à animer les lieux sur lesquels ils s’implantent. Néanmoins, les articles scientifiques portant sur cette thématique sont peu nombreux en Wallonie.
L’objectif de cette recherche est d’explorer l’interaction entre le phénomène des marchés fermiers et l’activité touristique à l’échelle de la Wallonie. Etant un phénomène peu connu et non étudié en Wallonie, cet objet d’étude sera défini à l’aide d’une analyse comparative des définitions proposées à l’échelle mondiale. Sur base de cette définition, un recensement est opéré afin d’établir un inventaire à l’échelle de la Wallonie. Des tests d’indépendance Chi² sont ensuite réalisés afin de vérifier cette interaction entre les marchés fermiers et l’activité touristique. 
Analysé sous une dimension régionale, l’aspect récréatif des marchés fermiers peut également être étudié à une échelle plus fine : une enquête a été réalisée sur plusieurs marchés fermiers sélectionnés afin de rassembler des informations à son sujet. Séparée en plusieurs parties, cette enquête permet de récolter des données concernant le profil des visiteurs, les critères de visite que ces derniers considèrent comme importants et les différentes fonctions des marchés fermiers. L’échelle de Likert est utilisée pour récupérer l’information relative aux fonctions et aux critères. Grâce à une Analyse des Correspondances Multiples (ACM), une typologie des visiteurs est établie. Une fois la population enquêtée partitionnée, une analyse de distribution est réalisée sur les fonctions et les critères de visite afin d’étudier les similarités et les différences entre les sous-populations. 
A travers cette recherche, nous avons pu observer une certaine influence entre les marchés fermiers wallons et la distribution de l’activité touristique en Wallonie. De plus, un premier inventaire régional fut réalisé. La typologie des visiteurs a principalement mis en évidence des populations caractérisées par un facteur « distance au marché fermier » et un facteur « enfants ». L’analyse des fonctions et des critères a montré que les fonctions et les critères n’étaient pas nécessairement identiques entre les sous-populations étudiées : les non-touristes accordent généralement moins d’importance aux éléments récréatifs que les touristes et les excursionnistes. Cette différence observée entre ces sous-populations mène à des politiques de développement territorial adaptées à chacune d'entre elles. Faced with the dissatisfaction of the globalized conventional agri-food system, several alternative food movements are emerging around the world. These movements are developing around a number of issues, such as health, the environment, food quality or even social justice and these are threatened by the current system. Among these alternatives, farmers' markets are often described as places facing these issues. They are perceived as a source of quality, sustainable and fairtrade products. Some specialists also regard them as places where people from different backgrounds can meet and exchange. Other researchers recognize their ability to animate the places where they set up. Nevertheless, there are few scientific articles on this topic in Wallonia.
The objective of this research is to explore the interaction between the phenomenon of farmers' markets and tourist activity across Wallonia. This phenomenon is little known and has not yet been studied in Wallonia. This object of study will be defined by means of a comparative analysis of the proposed definitions on a worldwide scale. On the basis of this definition, a census is carried out in order to accomplish an inventory across Wallonia. Chi² independence tests are then used to verify this interaction between farmers' markets and tourism activity. 
Analysed from a regional perspective, the recreational aspect of farmers' markets can also be studied on a finer scale: a survey is performed on several selected farmers' markets to gather information about them. This survey is divided in several parts and data is collected on the profile of visitors, the visit criteria they consider important and the different functions of farmers' markets. The Likert scale is used to retrieve information about functions and criteria. Thanks to a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), a typology of visitors is established. Once the surveyed population is partitioned, a distribution analysis is performed on visit functions and criteria to study similarities and differences between sub-populations. 
Through this research, some influences between Walloon farmers' markets and the distribution of tourist activity in Wallonia have been observed. In addition, a first regional inventory was carried out. The visitor typology mainly highlighted populations characterized by a "distance to the farmer's market" and a "children's" factor. The analysis of functions and criteria showed that functions and criteria were not necessarily identical between the studied sub-populations : non-tourists generally attach less importance to recreational elements than tourists and excursionists. This difference observed between sub-populations leads to territorial development policies adapted to each of them.

Marchés fermiers --- Destination touristique --- Analyse régionale --- Localisation --- Touriste --- Typologie --- Fonctions --- Critères de visite --- Activité touristique --- Recensement --- Animation --- Wallonie --- Farmers'markets --- Tourist destination --- Regional analysis --- Localisation --- Tourist --- Typology --- Functions --- Visit criteria --- Tourist activity --- Census --- Animation --- Wallonia --- Sciences sociales & comportementales, psychologie > Géographie humaine & démographie --- Sciences sociales & comportementales, psychologie > Etudes régionales & interrégionales

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Globalization and telecoupling are enhancing the complexity of the coupled socio-ecological system constituted by the interaction between the global ecosphere and the anthroposphere. As a result, the demand for tools to identify transformative innovations, assess future risks, and support precautionary decisions for sustainability is growing by the day in business and politics. Scenarios are a means of simplification, reducing the real-world complexity to a limited number of essential factors to analyze their interactions and support policy formulation, with indicators as communication and monitoring tools. In particular, in a time of fake news and alternative truths a critical reflection amongst producers and users of scenarios and indicators is overdue; the capability for critical self-reflection is what distinguishes science from pseudo-science, and is a condition of trust. The authors of this book test established measurement and modeling approaches against new challenges, assess the weaknesses of prevailing innovation theories and the political-ideological embedment of archetypical scenarios, highlight deficits in taking the physical basics into account, and the need to understand global interaction and the stepwise process of energy transitions, point out technical as well as conceptual weaknesses in data collection, harmonization and indicator generation, always with a view to solving problems.

sustainable development goals --- science-policy interface --- long-wave theory --- scenarios --- tweets --- sustainability indicators --- models and modes of science --- environmental innovation --- energy supply --- renewable energy --- gross domestic product --- GDP --- bio-economics --- data needs --- fake news --- European Tourism Indicator System (ETIS) --- climate change --- goals --- Agenda 2030 --- Visit South Sardinia --- tourist destination --- indicators --- monitoring --- modelling --- institutions --- sustainable development --- grid flexibility --- global indicator framework --- microdata --- decision-making --- world views --- SDGs --- Germany --- challenges --- values --- sustainable production and consumption --- policies --- sustainability transition --- storage --- stakeholders --- innovation systems --- societal impact --- fossil energy system --- multi-level perspective --- household consumption --- biodiversity --- agency --- evolutionary economics --- energy transition --- material footprint --- transformation --- sustainable tourism --- opportunities --- policy advice --- international inequality --- resource indicator --- curtailment

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This book collects fifteen papers published in s Special Issue of Mathematics titled “Fuzzy Sets in Business Management, Finance, and Economics”, which was published in 2021. These paper cover a wide range of different tools from Fuzzy Set Theory and applications in many areas of Business Management and other connected fields. Specifically, this book contains applications of such instruments as, among others, Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis, Neuro-Fuzzy Methods, the Forgotten Effects Algorithm, Expertons Theory, Fuzzy Markov Chains, Fuzzy Arithmetic, Decision Making with OWA Operators and Pythagorean Aggregation Operators, Fuzzy Pattern Recognition, and Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets. The papers in this book tackle a wide variety of problems in areas such as strategic management, sustainable decisions by firms and public organisms, tourism management, accounting and auditing, macroeconomic modelling, the evaluation of public organizations and universities, and actuarial modelling. We hope that this book will be useful not only for business managers, public decision-makers, and researchers in the specific fields of business management, finance, and economics but also in the broader areas of soft mathematics in social sciences. Practitioners will find methods and ideas that could be fruitful in current management issues. Scholars will find novel developments that may inspire further applications in the social sciences.

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- Bonferroni means --- prioritized aggregation operators --- induced aggregation operators --- OWA operator --- transparency --- fuzzy sets --- fuzzy numbers --- linguistic variables --- fuzzy data analysis --- correlation between fuzzy variables --- poverty policy --- efficiency --- Debreu–Farrell productivity index --- cryptocurrencies --- bitcoin --- blockchain --- fintech --- unified theory of acceptance and use of technology --- intention to use --- fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis --- bonus-malus system --- fuzzy number --- fuzzy transition probability --- fuzzy Markov chain --- fuzzy stationary state --- SDGs --- The Quintuple Helix of Innovation Model --- sustainability --- Latin America --- knowledge systems --- Forgotten Effects Theory --- Fuzzy Logic --- tourist destination competitiveness --- experton theory --- forgotten effects theory --- Hamming distance --- decision making --- expert group --- neuro-fuzzy assessment --- evaluation of specialists --- smart city --- assessment risk --- smart transport --- mobility --- transparent selection --- public financial resources --- recovery plan --- selection of quality methods --- manufacturing process --- intuitionistic fuzzy sets --- genetic algorithm --- adoption of environmental practices --- human resource costs --- organizational learning capability --- information technology support --- size --- education level --- experience --- university ranking --- unsupervised pattern recognition --- clustering techniques --- corruption perception --- corruption normalization --- gender --- entrepreneurial intention --- STEM --- family entrepreneurial background --- fsQCA --- household income --- pythagorean membership --- financial knowledge --- decision-making --- fuzzy logic --- fuzzy arithmetic --- extension principle --- economic models --- Harrod’s growth --- enhancement strategy --- brand attachment --- convenience stores --- fuzzy quality function deployment --- audit team leader --- audit risk assessment --- small- and medium-sized audit firms --- planification --- fuzzy theory --- Bonferroni means --- prioritized aggregation operators --- induced aggregation operators --- OWA operator --- transparency --- fuzzy sets --- fuzzy numbers --- linguistic variables --- fuzzy data analysis --- correlation between fuzzy variables --- poverty policy --- efficiency --- Debreu–Farrell productivity index --- cryptocurrencies --- bitcoin --- blockchain --- fintech --- unified theory of acceptance and use of technology --- intention to use --- fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis --- bonus-malus system --- fuzzy number --- fuzzy transition probability --- fuzzy Markov chain --- fuzzy stationary state --- SDGs --- The Quintuple Helix of Innovation Model --- sustainability --- Latin America --- knowledge systems --- Forgotten Effects Theory --- Fuzzy Logic --- tourist destination competitiveness --- experton theory --- forgotten effects theory --- Hamming distance --- decision making --- expert group --- neuro-fuzzy assessment --- evaluation of specialists --- smart city --- assessment risk --- smart transport --- mobility --- transparent selection --- public financial resources --- recovery plan --- selection of quality methods --- manufacturing process --- intuitionistic fuzzy sets --- genetic algorithm --- adoption of environmental practices --- human resource costs --- organizational learning capability --- information technology support --- size --- education level --- experience --- university ranking --- unsupervised pattern recognition --- clustering techniques --- corruption perception --- corruption normalization --- gender --- entrepreneurial intention --- STEM --- family entrepreneurial background --- fsQCA --- household income --- pythagorean membership --- financial knowledge --- decision-making --- fuzzy logic --- fuzzy arithmetic --- extension principle --- economic models --- Harrod’s growth --- enhancement strategy --- brand attachment --- convenience stores --- fuzzy quality function deployment --- audit team leader --- audit risk assessment --- small- and medium-sized audit firms --- planification --- fuzzy theory