Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

August 1999 - A general equilibrium tax model estimated for 60 countries provides a simple but rigorous method for estimating the fiscal impact of trade reform. Using a tax model of an open economy, Devarajan, Go, and Li provide a simple but rigorous method for estimating the fiscal impact of trade reform. Both the direction and the magnitude of the fiscal consequences of trade reform depend on the elasticities of substitution and transformation between foreign and domestic goods, so they provide empirical estimates of those elasticities. They also discuss the implications of their analysis for public revenue. In general, they find that it matters what the values of the two elasticities are relative to each other. If only one of the elasticities is low (close to zero), revenue will drop unequivocally as a result of tariff reform, reaching close to the maximum drop whether or not the other elasticity is high. For imports to grow and tariff collection to compensate for the tax cut, the import elasticity has to be high. Because of the balance of trade constraint, however, imports cannot substitute for domestic goods unless supply is able to switch toward exports. Hence, the export transformation elasticity has to be high as well. As substitution possibilities between foreign and domestic goods increase, a tariff reform can theoretically be self-financing. But if the elasticities are less than large, tax revenue will fall with tariff reduction and further fiscal adjustments will be necessary. Devarajan, Go, and Li provide empirical estimates of the possible range of values for the elasticities of about 60 countries, using various approaches. The elasticities range from 0 to only 3 in most cases - nowhere near the point at which tariff reform can be self-financing. This paper - a product of Public Economics, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to develop and apply tools to analyze fiscal reform. The authors may be contacted at sdevarajan@worldbank.org, dgo@worldbank.org.

Consumers --- Currencies and Exchange Rates --- Demand --- Economic Theory and Research --- Elasticity --- Elasticity of substitution --- Emerging Markets --- Equilibrium --- Exports --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Goods --- Income --- International Economics & Trade --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Open economy --- Outcomes --- Prices --- Private Sector Development --- Public Sector Development --- Revenue --- Taxation --- Taxes --- Total revenue --- Trade --- Trade balance --- Trade liberalization --- Trade Policy --- Transport --- Transport Economics, Policy and Planning --- Utility --- Welfare

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

In today's social climate of acknowledged and growing inequality, why are there not greater efforts to tax the rich? In this wide-ranging and provocative book, Kenneth Scheve and David Stasavage ask when and why countries tax their wealthiest citizens-and their answers may surprise you.Taxing the Rich draws on unparalleled evidence from twenty countries over the last two centuries to provide the broadest and most in-depth history of progressive taxation available. Scheve and Stasavage explore the intellectual and political debates surrounding the taxation of the wealthy while also providing the most detailed examination to date of when taxes have been levied against the rich and when they haven't. Fairness in debates about taxing the rich has depended on different views of what it means to treat people as equals and whether taxing the rich advances or undermines this norm. Scheve and Stasavage argue that governments don't tax the rich just because inequality is high or rising-they do it when people believe that such taxes compensate for the state unfairly privileging the wealthy. Progressive taxation saw its heyday in the twentieth century, when compensatory arguments for taxing the rich focused on unequal sacrifice in mass warfare. Today, as technology gives rise to wars of more limited mobilization, such arguments are no longer persuasive.Taxing the Rich shows how the future of tax reform will depend on whether political and economic conditions allow for new compensatory arguments to be made.

331.161.2 --- 336.203 --- Inégalité sociale --- Europe --- États-Unis --- Impôt sur la fortune --- Impôt direct --- Japon --- Income tax --- Rich people --- BPB1606 --- Wealth --- Affluence --- Distribution of wealth --- Fortunes --- Riches --- Business --- Economics --- Finance --- Capital --- Money --- Property --- Well-being --- Affluent people --- High income people --- Rich --- Rich, The --- Wealthy people --- Social classes --- Personal income tax --- Taxable income --- Taxation of income --- Direct taxation --- Internal revenue --- Progressive taxation --- Tithes --- Wages --- Geschiedenis van de belastingen. --- progressieve, degressieve en proportionele belastingen. --- Sociale ongelijkheid --- Europa --- Verenigde Staten --- Vermogensbelasting --- Directe belasting --- Japan --- History. --- Taxation --- Economic conditions --- Taxes --- vermogensbelasting --- fiscale geschiedenis --- europa --- verenigde staten --- impot sur le capital --- histoire de la fiscalité --- europe --- états-unis --- Sociaal werk --- Duurzame ontwikkeling --- Япония --- Japán --- Ιαπωνία --- Japani --- Јапан --- Japāna --- Japonsko --- il-Ġappun --- Japonska --- Japón --- Japonia --- Giappone --- Jaapan --- Japão --- An tSeapáin --- Japonija --- Јапонија --- Japonské císařství --- Парламентарна Уставна Монархија Јапонија --- Nippon --- podatek bezpośredni --- neposredni porez --- tiesioginis mokestis --- direkt skatt --- imposto direto --- välitön vero --- директни даноци --- otsene maks --- priama daň --- directe belasting --- tiešais nodoklis --- direkte Steuer --- tatim i drejtpërdrejtë --- imposta diretta --- άμεσος φόρος --- impuesto directo --- taxxa diretta --- direkte skat --- direct tax --- пряк данък --- impozit direct --- közvetlen adó --- přímá daň --- neposredni davek --- непосредни порез --- непосредни даноци --- imposto directo --- izravni porez --- imposta patrimoniale --- daň z bohatstva --- данок на богатство --- порез на богатство --- daň z bohatství --- φόρος στην περιουσία --- magánszemélyt terhelő vagyonadó --- varallisuusvero --- impozit pe avere --- förmögenhetsskatt --- impuesto sobre el patrimonio --- gerovės mokestis --- taksë mbi pasurinë --- varandusemaks --- porez na bogatstvo --- wealth tax --- Besteuerung privaten Vermögens --- īpašuma nodoklis --- imposto sobre a fortuna --- podatek od bogactwa --- taxxa fuq il-ġid --- данък върху богатството --- formueskat --- davek od premoženja --- φόρος ακίνητης περιουσίας --- turto mokestis --- данок на лична капитална добивка --- die Vereinigte Staaten --- Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá --- Združene države --- United States --- Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες --- l-Istati Uniti --- Ameerika Ühendriigid --- Stati Uniti --- Shtetet e Bashkuara --- Estados Unidos --- Stany Zjednoczone --- Spojené státy --- Egyesült Államok --- Statele Unite --- Amerikas Savienotās Valstis --- Förenta staterna --- Сједињене Америчке Државе --- Jungtinės Valstijos --- Yhdysvallat --- Съединени щати --- Sjedinjene Američke Države --- Spojené štáty --- Соединети Американски Држави --- Amerikas Forenede Stater --- САД --- VS --- USA --- EE.UU. --- JAV --- Amerikas förenta stater --- l-Istati Uniti tal-Amerika --- los Estados Unidos de América --- ΗΠΑ --- Shtetet e Bashkuara të Amerikës --- SAD --- Verenigde Staten van Amerika --- Соединетите Држави --- Amerikai Egyesült Államok --- Stati Uniti d'America --- Statele Unite ale Americii --- Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες της Αμερικής --- SHBA --- United States of America --- Ühendriigid --- Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες Αμερικής --- EUA --- ASV --- États-Unis d'Amérique --- Združene države Amerike --- Stany Zjednoczone Ameryki --- САЩ --- Съединени американски щати --- SUA --- Yhdysvallat, USA --- Spojené státy americké --- U.S.A. --- Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos --- Sjedinjene Države --- Estados Unidos da América --- De Forenede Stater --- Spojené státy severoamerické --- Amerikan yhdysvallat --- Spojené štáty americké --- die Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika --- US --- Eiropa --- Ευρώπη --- Ewropa --- Euroopa --- Eurooppa --- Европа --- Európa --- hEorpa --- Evropa --- țări europene --- Europese landen --- země Evropy --- Euroopa riigid --- evropské státy --- países europeus --- evropské země --- европски земји --- European countries --- europæiske lande --- ευρωπαϊκές χώρες --- país europeo --- Euroopan maat --- paesi europei --- nazioni europee --- európske krajiny --- país de Europa --- európai országok --- Europos šalys --- pays européens --- státy Evropy --- Europese staten --- vende europiane --- europäische Länder --- europeiska länder --- desigualdade social --- друштвена неједнакост --- inechitate socială --- social inequality --- sociálna nerovnosť --- pabarazi shoqërore --- desigualdad social --- društvena nejednakost --- sociale ongelijkheid --- socialna neenakost --- nierówność społeczna --- sociala skillnader --- social ulighed --- socialinė nelygybė --- yhteiskunnallinen eriarvoisuus --- disuguaglianza sociale --- inugwaljanza soċjali --- soziale Ungleichheit --- општествена нееднаквост --- sotsiaalne ebavõrdsus --- sociālā nevienlīdzība --- sociální nerovnost --- κοινωνική ανισότητα --- társadalmi egyenlőtlenség --- социално неравенство --- општествена хиерархија --- disparità sociale --- Geschiedenis van de belastingen --- progressieve, degressieve en proportionele belastingen --- History --- Taxation&delete& --- #SBIB:33H16 --- #SBIB:33H13 --- #SBIB:35H220 --- Graduated taxation --- Proportional taxation --- Taxation, Progressive --- Publieke financiën --- Economische politiek --- Financieel management bij de overheid: algemene werken --- Belasting --- fiscaliteit, kapitaal --- cáin dhíreach --- cáin rachmais --- Na Stáit Aontaithe --- An Eoraip --- éagothromaíocht shóisialta --- Inégalité sociale --- États-Unis --- Impôt sur la fortune --- Impôt direct --- Imposte sul reddito --- Europa. --- USA. --- United States. --- Europe. --- Ability To Pay. --- At Best. --- Bond (finance). --- Capital levy. --- Conscription. --- Consideration. --- Consumption tax. --- Corporate tax. --- Debt. --- Direct tax. --- Economic efficiency. --- Economic growth. --- Economic inequality. --- Economic interventionism. --- Economic policy. --- Economics. --- Economist. --- Economy. --- Emmanuel Saez. --- Employment. --- Equality of outcome. --- Estate tax in the United States. --- Excise Tax. --- Expense. --- Finance. --- Financial crisis. --- Flat tax. --- Funding. --- Gift tax. --- Globalization. --- Government revenue. --- Gross domestic product. --- Incentive. --- Income distribution. --- Income tax in the United States. --- Income tax. --- Income. --- Indirect tax. --- Inflation. --- Inheritance tax. --- Institution. --- Jean Tirole. --- John Stuart Mill. --- Legislation. --- Legislature. --- Luxury goods. --- Mass mobilization. --- Middle class. --- Oligarchy. --- On War. --- Payroll tax. --- Pension. --- People's Budget. --- Percentage point. --- Percentage. --- Political economy. --- Political party. --- Political science. --- Political spectrum. --- Politics. --- Progressive tax. --- Property tax. --- Provision (accounting). --- Public finance. --- Quarterly Journal of Economics. --- Rates (tax). --- Redistribution of income and wealth. --- Sacrifice. --- Salary. --- Self-interest. --- Stanford University. --- Suffrage. --- Tariff. --- Tax Fairness. --- Tax Schedule. --- Tax deduction. --- Tax incidence. --- Tax law. --- Tax policy. --- Tax rate. --- Tax revenue. --- Tax. --- Taxation in the United Kingdom. --- Taxation in the United States. --- Taxpayer. --- Technology. --- Thomas Piketty. --- Total revenue. --- Universal suffrage. --- University of Amsterdam. --- War effort. --- War reparations. --- War. --- Warfare. --- Wealth tax. --- Wealth. --- Welfare state. --- Welfare. --- World War I. --- World War II.