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Toposes

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The aim of this book is to present a theory and a number of techniques which allow to give substance to Grothendieck's vision of the notion of topos. This has been accomplished by building on the notion of classifying topos educed by categorical logicians. Mathematical theories (formalized within first-order logic) give rise to geometric objects called sites; the passage from sites to their associated toposes embodies the passage from the logical presentation of theories to their mathematical content, i.e. from syntax to semantics. The essential ambiguity given by the fact that any topos is associated in general with an infinite number of theories or different sites allows to study the relations between different theories, and hence the theories themselves, by using toposes as 'bridges' between these different presentations. The expression or calculation of invariants of toposes in terms of the theories associated with them or their sites of definition generates a great number of results and notions varying according to the different types of presentation, giving rise to a veritable mathematical morphogenesis.

Toposes --- Categories (Mathematics) --- Mathematics

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The first of its kind, this book presents a widely accessible exposition of topos theory, aimed at the philosopher-logician as well as the mathematician. It is suitable for individual study or use in class at the graduate level (it includes 500 exercises). It begins with a fully motivated introduction to category theory itself, moving always from the particular example to the abstract concept. It then introduces the notion of elementary topos, with a wide range of examples and goes on to develop its theory in depth, and to elicit in detail its relationship to Kripke's intuitionistic semantics,

Mathematical logic --- Toposes. --- Topoi (Mathematics) --- Categories (Mathematics) --- Toposes

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Categories (Mathematics). --- Model theory. --- Toposes.

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Topos theory has led to unexpected connections between classical and constructive mathematics. This text explores Lawvere and Tierney's concept of topos theory, a development in category theory that unites important but seemingly diverse notions from algebraic geometry, set theory, and intuitionistic logic. A virtually self-contained introduction, this volume presents toposes as the models of theories — known as local set theories — formulated within a typed intuitionistic logic. The introductory chapter explores elements of category theory, including limits and colimits, functors, adjunctions, Cartesian closed categories, and Galois connections. Succeeding chapters examine the concept of topos, local set theories, fundamental properties of toposes, sheaves, locale-valued sets, and natural and real numbers in local set theories. An epilogue surveys the wider significance of topos theory, and the text concludes with helpful supplements, including an appendix, historical and bibliographical notes, references, and indexes.

Toposes --- Logic, symbolic and mathematical --- Set theory