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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

toll-like receptor --- dendritic cells --- innate-like B cells --- extracellular vesicle --- semaphorin --- lupus --- arthritis --- calcium-dependent peptidyl-arginine deiminase

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This book presents the latest research published in the Special Issue Preventing the Adverse Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 through Diet, Supplements, and Lifestyle in the journal Nutrients. In this book, we explore the role of supplements, lifestyle choices, and nutritional status on COVID-19 patient outcomes and risk reduction.

vitamin D --- COVID-19 --- SARS-CoV-2 --- severity --- mortality --- United Arab Emirates --- clinical trial --- saudi --- vitamin D insufficiency --- glycyrrhizin --- mineralocorticoid receptor --- toll like receptor 4 --- angiotensin converting enzyme --- aldosterone --- coronavirus --- exercise --- emotional eating --- pandemic --- quarantine --- questionnaire --- sedentariness --- New York --- hesperidin --- TMPRSS2 --- ACE2 --- D614G --- 501Y.v2 --- vitamin D deficiency --- 25(OH)D --- obesity --- CACFP --- early care and education --- food program --- food supplements --- immunity --- zinc --- lifestyle --- Poland --- clinical symptoms --- vitamin D status --- zinc status --- sunlight exposure --- prevention --- food hygiene --- bioactive compounds --- diet --- n/a --- diabetes mellitus --- oxidative stress --- kidney damage --- antioxidant

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Supporting initiation, development and resolution of appropriate immune responses is key to survival. Many nutrients and dietary components have been purported to have a role in supporting optimal immune function. This is vital throughout the life course, from the development and programming of the immune system in early life, to supporting immunity and reducing chronic inflammation in older people. In this special issue of Nutrients, we examine the evidence for the role of diet and dietary components in promoting protective immunity.

immunonutrition --- supplementation --- superoxide dismutase (SOD) --- fermented milk --- selenocysteine --- dendritic cells --- lipoxygenase (LOX) --- chronic inflammatory conditions --- formulation --- immune system --- cytokines --- skeletal muscle --- zinc --- non-digestible carbohydrates --- Toll-like receptor --- carbohydrates --- fiber --- lymphocytes --- antibody --- infants --- liver --- macrophage --- inflammatory process --- probiotic --- plant --- older people --- gut barrier --- infection --- amino acids --- gut --- T helper 1 (Th1) --- immunity --- T cells --- bioactive peptide --- inhibitor of kappa kinase (IKK) --- inflammation --- adhesion molecules --- leukocytes --- human milk oligosaccharides --- vitamin D --- food structure --- vitamin E --- mitogen-activated protein Kinase (MAPK) --- gut microbiota --- weaning --- homeostasis --- intestinal immune system --- extra-cellular signal regulated kinases (ERK) --- cyclooxygenase (COX) --- oxidative stress --- life course --- polyphenols --- oligosaccharides --- micronutrients --- Th17 --- obesity --- tolerance --- arachidonic acid --- growth factors --- anti-inflammation --- age-related immunity --- prebiotic --- biomarker --- microbiome --- functional foods --- immunosenescence --- nutrition --- molecular mechanisms --- metabolism --- macronutrients --- toll-like receptor 4 --- sepsis --- nutrition guidelines --- microbiota --- immunomodulation --- inflammatory markers --- elderly --- Th1/Th17 response --- adults --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- anorexia nervosa --- macrophages --- autoimmune diseases --- fatty acids --- T cell --- Treg --- breast milk --- nitric oxide synthase (NOS) --- chemokines --- anti-tumorigenic --- metabolites --- deficiency --- protein hydrolysate --- nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-?B) --- cancer

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This book is a collection of articles from the Cells Special Issue on “Ubiquitin and Autophagy”. It contains an Editorial and 13 articles at the intersection of ubiquitin- and autophagy-related processes. Ubiquitin is a small protein modifier that is widely used to tag proteins, organelles, and pathogens for their degradation by the ubiquitin–proteasome system and/or autophagy–lysosomal pathway. Interestingly, several ubiquitin-like proteins are at a core of the autophagy mechanism. This book dedicates a lot of attention to the crosstalk between the ubiquitin–proteasome system and autophagy and serves as a good starting point for the readers interested in the current state of the knowledge on ubiquitin and autophagy.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- PSMD14 --- ubiquitin --- retrograde --- trafficking --- APP --- autophagy --- Cx43 --- GABARAP --- gap junction --- MAPLC3 --- leukodystrophies --- globoid cell leukodystrophy --- psychosine --- p62 --- proteasome --- toll-like receptor 4 --- TRAF6 --- BECN1 --- ATG12~5/16 complex --- Dictyostelium --- ubiquitin-like protein --- phagocytosis --- pinocytosis --- UPS --- ubiquitin-proteasome system --- crosstalk --- tissue specificity --- C. elegans --- NFAT5 --- autophagy initiation --- islet --- FIP200 --- unfolded protein response --- UPR --- Atg8 --- LC3 --- LIR motif --- SAR --- UBL --- neurodegenerative diseases --- autophagy-lysosome pathway --- lysosome --- selective autophagy --- ubiquitination --- degradation --- the ubiquitin-proteasome system --- plants --- mitophagy --- aggrephagy --- lysophagy --- xenophagy --- lipophagy --- nucleophagy --- ER-phagy --- cargo receptors --- sorting nexins --- retromer --- endosome --- PSMD14 --- ubiquitin --- retrograde --- trafficking --- APP --- autophagy --- Cx43 --- GABARAP --- gap junction --- MAPLC3 --- leukodystrophies --- globoid cell leukodystrophy --- psychosine --- p62 --- proteasome --- toll-like receptor 4 --- TRAF6 --- BECN1 --- ATG12~5/16 complex --- Dictyostelium --- ubiquitin-like protein --- phagocytosis --- pinocytosis --- UPS --- ubiquitin-proteasome system --- crosstalk --- tissue specificity --- C. elegans --- NFAT5 --- autophagy initiation --- islet --- FIP200 --- unfolded protein response --- UPR --- Atg8 --- LC3 --- LIR motif --- SAR --- UBL --- neurodegenerative diseases --- autophagy-lysosome pathway --- lysosome --- selective autophagy --- ubiquitination --- degradation --- the ubiquitin-proteasome system --- plants --- mitophagy --- aggrephagy --- lysophagy --- xenophagy --- lipophagy --- nucleophagy --- ER-phagy --- cargo receptors --- sorting nexins --- retromer --- endosome

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This Special Issue reprint will address the most current and innovative developments in the field of HDP research across a range of topics, such as structure and function analysis, modes of action, anti-microbial effects, cell and animal model systems, the discovery of novel host-defense peptides, and drug development.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- ECP --- AMPs --- infection --- murine model --- Gram-negative bacteria --- LPS --- host defense peptides --- monocytes --- neutrophils --- neutrophil–monocyte interaction --- extracellular traps --- host defense peptide --- innate immunity --- NF-κB --- poly I:C --- toll-like receptor 3 --- mucus of Cornu aspersum --- peptide fraction MW < 10 kDa --- Escherichia coli NBIMCC 8785 --- SEM --- fluorescence and digital assays --- antibacterial effect --- oral cavity --- human cathelicidin --- antimicrobial peptides --- immunomodulation --- oncolytic peptides --- cancer --- membrane integrity --- bulky non-nature amino acid --- DAMPs --- drug design --- antimicrobial peptidomimetic --- hydrogel-based system --- hyaluronic acid --- anti-infective activity --- skin infections --- antimicrobial peptide --- expression --- intein --- self-cleavage --- cecropin-like --- apolipoprotein E --- host defense --- aggregation --- body fluid --- AMP --- interaction network --- chemical barrier --- cationic antimicrobial peptides --- length dependent activity --- antimicrobial activity --- hemolysis --- vesicle leakage --- solid-state 31P-, 15N- and 19F-NMR --- β-stranded peptides --- β-sheets --- structure and orientation of peptides in membranes