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Since pollutants that cannot be degraded by conventional wastewater treatment techniques are a problem of increasing importance nowadays, a lot of research is focused on finding solutions to resolve this problem. A promising technology in this field is TiO2 photocatalysis, which is studied more in detail in this work. TiO2-based photocatalysts, in which silver is used as a dopant, were synthesized by the sol-gel technique. Then, thin films of these sols were deposited onto microscope slides by dip-coating and crystallization of these films was achieved in the subsequent calcination step. For these photocatalysts, the effects of different silver fractions, different fractions of the commercial photocatalyst Evonik P25, different calcination parameters, and different supports (glass or steel) were compared. For this purpose, the photocatalysts were characterized by profilometry, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption. In addition to these characterizations, the efficiency of the photocatalysts was compared by ozonation-photocatalysis combined degradation tests, performed on solutions containing 10 model pollutants. It was found that some of these model pollutants, which could not be degraded by ozonation only, could be degraded by combined ozonation-photocatalysis treatment. The best degradation results were obtained for photocatalyst films consisting of TiO2 doped with 2 wt.% of silver and 20 wt.% of the commercial photocatalyst Evonik P25.
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Although the seminal work of Fujishima et al. dates back to 1971, TiO2 still remains the most diffused and studied semiconductor, employed in photo-oxidation processes for cleantech (i.e., polluted water and air treatment), in solar fuel production (mainly hydrogen production by water photo splitting), and in Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) processes by CO2 photoreduction. The eleven articles, among them three reviews, in this book cover recent results and research trends of various aspects of titanium dioxide photocatalysis, with the chief aim of improving the final efficiency of TiO2-based materials. Strategies include doping, metal co-catalyst deposition, and the realization of composites with plasmonic materials, other semiconductors, and graphene. Photocatalysts with high efficiency and selectivity can be also obtained by controlling the precise crystal shape (and homogeneous size) and the organization in superstructures from ultrathin films to hierarchical nanostructures. Finally, the theoretical modeling of TiO2 nanoparticles is discussed and highlighted. The range of topics addressed in this book will stimulate the reader’s interest as well as provide a valuable source of information for researchers in academia and industry.
UV-visible --- n/a --- oxidative reaction systems --- photodegradation --- nanospheres --- heterojunction --- Ag/AgCl@TiO2 fibers --- polymorphism --- XRD --- copper-modified titania --- ultrasonic vibration --- brookite --- TiO2 modification --- simulated Extended X-ray Adsorption Fine-Structure (EXAFS) --- nanorod spheres --- trapped electrons --- flame-spray pyrolysis --- titania/water interface --- microwave irradiation --- plasmonic photocatalyst --- graphene-TiO2 --- photocatalytic hydrogen production --- microstreaming --- B3LYP --- HRTEM --- hardness --- printing and dyeing wastewater --- SCC-DFTB --- TiO2 --- photoelectrochemistry --- titanium --- bulk defects --- methanol photo-steam reforming --- spray coating --- sol-gel --- FTIR --- S-doping --- photocatalysis --- sulfidation --- lattice defects --- polymorph --- anodization --- pine-cone TiO2 nanoclusters --- nanorod arrays --- formation mechanism --- Cu and Pt nanoparticles --- excitons --- TiO2 nanotubes --- adhesion --- trapping --- flexible substrates --- optical absorption --- large-sized films --- surface defects --- titanium dioxide --- accumulated electrons
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The present book is aimed at illustrating the width of applications of metal nanoparticles in catalysis. It covers aspects such as metal nanoparticles preparation using natural biomolecules to the catalytic, photocatalytic and electrocatalytic activity of supported metal nanoparticles. In catalysis, metal nanoparticles exhibit general activity in oxidation and reduction reactions and the book contains examples of both types of processes in which the nanoparticles are on carbon supports or embedded inside the voids of microporous crystalline metal organic frameworks. Metal nanoparticles are also widely used in photocatalysis to enhance light absorption through plasmon band and the efficiency of the photochemical process. Besides classical applications, the use of metal nanoparticles is expanding rapidly in the field of renewable energies, going from catalysts for solid fuels electrodes to novel Li-O2 batteries.
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Photoactive nanomaterials have been receiving increasing attention due to their potential application in the light-driven degradation of water and gas-phase pollutants. However, to exploit the great potential of photoactive materials and access their properties requires fine-tuning of their size/shape-dependent chemical–physical properties, and on the ability to integrate them in photoreactors or to deposit them onto large surfaces. Therefore, the synthetic approach as well as post-synthesis manipulation could strongly affect the final photocatalytic properties of the nanomaterial. The aim of the present Special Issue is to report on the most recent progress towards the application of photoactive nanomaterials and nanomaterial-based coatings in pollutant degradation, paying particular attention to cases close to real application: scalable synthetic approaches to nanocatalysts, preparation of nanocatalyst-based coatings, degradation of real pollutants and bacterial inactivation, and application in building materials.
toxicity --- polar herbicide --- composite nanorods --- heterojunction --- degradation --- nanocomposites --- nanoparticles --- polyester --- TiO2 nanotube --- environmental remediation --- building materials --- hydroxyapatite --- VOCs --- reactive green 12 --- Pt loaded TiO2 --- nanomaterials --- expansion --- photocatalytic activity --- CuxO/TiO2 --- water remediation --- antimicrobial properties --- sputtering --- diclofenac --- mesoporous --- TiO2 --- advanced oxidation processes --- mortar --- disinfection --- HiPIMS --- microcracks --- Cu2O --- sulfate attack --- NOx --- photocatalysis --- blast furnace slag --- paraquat --- recalcitrant pollutants --- shell thickness --- water treatments --- visible light LEDs --- cement --- deterioration --- transformation products --- gas-phase pollutants --- titanium dioxide --- photoelectrocatalysis --- Z-scheme
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Semiconductor photocatalysts have attracted a great amount of multidiscipline research due to their high potential for solar-to-chemical-energy conversion applications, ranging from water and air purification to hydrogen and chemical fuel production. This unique diversity of photoinduced applications has spurred major research efforts on the rational design and development of photocatalytic materials with tailored structural, morphological, and optoelectronic properties in order to promote solar-light harvesting, easy photogenerated electron-hole recombination and the concomitant low quantum efficiency. This book presents a collection of original research articles on advanced photocatalytic materials, synthesized by novel fabrication approaches and/or innovative modifications that improve their performance in target photocatalytic applications such as water (cyanobacterial toxins, antibiotics, phenols, and dyes) and air (NOx and volatile organic compounds) pollutant degradation, hydrogen evolution, and hydrogen peroxide production by photoelectrochemical cells.
Technology: general issues --- anatase --- brookite --- C/N-TiO2 --- microcystin-LR --- photodegradation --- visible light --- TiO2 nanomaterials --- Au nanoparticles --- anodization --- photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics --- LC-MS/MS --- TiO2 --- photonic crystals --- graphene oxide nanocolloids --- reduced graphene oxide --- photocatalysis --- photocatalytic materials --- nanocomposites --- sulfate-modified BiVO4 --- methylene blue --- LED visible light --- photodecomposition --- anatase TiO2 nanocrystals --- high-energy facets --- photocatalytic activity --- photovoltaic performance --- photoactive cement --- TiO2/N --- NOx decomposition --- mechanical properties --- plasmonic photocatalysis --- silver-copper oxide --- VOCs remediation --- full-spectrum photoresponse --- carbon-doped titania --- carbon-modified titania --- graphene/titania --- vis-active photocatalyst --- antibacterial properties --- laser pyrolysis --- hydrogen peroxide --- CdS --- CdSe --- photoelectrocatalysis --- photocatalytic fuel cells --- photo fuel cells --- visible light activated titania --- heterojunction photocatalysts --- photonic crystal catalysts --- graphene-based photocatalysts --- water and air purification --- solar fuels --- anatase --- brookite --- C/N-TiO2 --- microcystin-LR --- photodegradation --- visible light --- TiO2 nanomaterials --- Au nanoparticles --- anodization --- photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics --- LC-MS/MS --- TiO2 --- photonic crystals --- graphene oxide nanocolloids --- reduced graphene oxide --- photocatalysis --- photocatalytic materials --- nanocomposites --- sulfate-modified BiVO4 --- methylene blue --- LED visible light --- photodecomposition --- anatase TiO2 nanocrystals --- high-energy facets --- photocatalytic activity --- photovoltaic performance --- photoactive cement --- TiO2/N --- NOx decomposition --- mechanical properties --- plasmonic photocatalysis --- silver-copper oxide --- VOCs remediation --- full-spectrum photoresponse --- carbon-doped titania --- carbon-modified titania --- graphene/titania --- vis-active photocatalyst --- antibacterial properties --- laser pyrolysis --- hydrogen peroxide --- CdS --- CdSe --- photoelectrocatalysis --- photocatalytic fuel cells --- photo fuel cells --- visible light activated titania --- heterojunction photocatalysts --- photonic crystal catalysts --- graphene-based photocatalysts --- water and air purification --- solar fuels
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Water pollution from biorefractory pollutants and emerging contaminants is still a very relevant problem worldwide. Examples of these pollutants include disinfection by-products, pharmaceutical and personal care products, persistent organic chemicals, as well as their degradation products. The occurrence of these contaminants in water has raised increasing concern due to their accumulation and persistence in the environment and the threat they pose to the ecological system and human health. In this Special Issue, papers regarding the advancements in materials and processes for use in the electro- and photoelectrochemical removal of different pollutants from water are collected. The synthesis, characterization and application of materials for use in electrochemical or photoelectrochemical techniques are presented, as well as studies concerning catalytic processes and reaction kinetics.
Technology: general issues --- Chemical engineering --- Au-TiO2 --- antibiotics --- emergent contaminants --- nanocatalyst --- photocatalysis --- GFN-xTB --- ibuprofen --- advanced oxidation process --- TiO2 --- active glass --- heterojunction --- charge separation --- chlorpyrifos --- photodegradation --- nanoparticles --- gold --- cyclodextrins --- perfluorooctanoic acid --- emerging contaminant --- defluorination --- platinum --- electro-oxidation --- strontium carbonate (SrCO3) --- solvothermal method --- visible light --- diethyl phthalate --- photoelectrochemical degradation --- persistent organic pollutants --- chloride ions --- TiO2 nanotubes --- g-C3N4 --- response surface methodology --- wastewater treatment --- phenol --- crude oil --- sonolysis --- sonophotocatalysis --- FT-ICR/MS --- Kendrick plot --- van Krevelen diagram --- water --- pollution --- remediation --- Au-TiO2 --- antibiotics --- emergent contaminants --- nanocatalyst --- photocatalysis --- GFN-xTB --- ibuprofen --- advanced oxidation process --- TiO2 --- active glass --- heterojunction --- charge separation --- chlorpyrifos --- photodegradation --- nanoparticles --- gold --- cyclodextrins --- perfluorooctanoic acid --- emerging contaminant --- defluorination --- platinum --- electro-oxidation --- strontium carbonate (SrCO3) --- solvothermal method --- visible light --- diethyl phthalate --- photoelectrochemical degradation --- persistent organic pollutants --- chloride ions --- TiO2 nanotubes --- g-C3N4 --- response surface methodology --- wastewater treatment --- phenol --- crude oil --- sonolysis --- sonophotocatalysis --- FT-ICR/MS --- Kendrick plot --- van Krevelen diagram --- water --- pollution --- remediation
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Water pollution from biorefractory pollutants and emerging contaminants is still a very relevant problem worldwide. Examples of these pollutants include disinfection by-products, pharmaceutical and personal care products, persistent organic chemicals, as well as their degradation products. The occurrence of these contaminants in water has raised increasing concern due to their accumulation and persistence in the environment and the threat they pose to the ecological system and human health. In this Special Issue, papers regarding the advancements in materials and processes for use in the electro- and photoelectrochemical removal of different pollutants from water are collected. The synthesis, characterization and application of materials for use in electrochemical or photoelectrochemical techniques are presented, as well as studies concerning catalytic processes and reaction kinetics.
Technology: general issues --- Chemical engineering --- Au-TiO2 --- antibiotics --- emergent contaminants --- nanocatalyst --- photocatalysis --- GFN-xTB --- ibuprofen --- advanced oxidation process --- TiO2 --- active glass --- heterojunction --- charge separation --- chlorpyrifos --- photodegradation --- nanoparticles --- gold --- cyclodextrins --- perfluorooctanoic acid --- emerging contaminant --- defluorination --- platinum --- electro-oxidation --- strontium carbonate (SrCO3) --- solvothermal method --- visible light --- n/a --- diethyl phthalate --- photoelectrochemical degradation --- persistent organic pollutants --- chloride ions --- TiO2 nanotubes --- g-C3N4 --- response surface methodology --- wastewater treatment --- phenol --- crude oil --- sonolysis --- sonophotocatalysis --- FT-ICR/MS --- Kendrick plot --- van Krevelen diagram --- water --- pollution --- remediation
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Water pollution from biorefractory pollutants and emerging contaminants is still a very relevant problem worldwide. Examples of these pollutants include disinfection by-products, pharmaceutical and personal care products, persistent organic chemicals, as well as their degradation products. The occurrence of these contaminants in water has raised increasing concern due to their accumulation and persistence in the environment and the threat they pose to the ecological system and human health. In this Special Issue, papers regarding the advancements in materials and processes for use in the electro- and photoelectrochemical removal of different pollutants from water are collected. The synthesis, characterization and application of materials for use in electrochemical or photoelectrochemical techniques are presented, as well as studies concerning catalytic processes and reaction kinetics.
Au-TiO2 --- antibiotics --- emergent contaminants --- nanocatalyst --- photocatalysis --- GFN-xTB --- ibuprofen --- advanced oxidation process --- TiO2 --- active glass --- heterojunction --- charge separation --- chlorpyrifos --- photodegradation --- nanoparticles --- gold --- cyclodextrins --- perfluorooctanoic acid --- emerging contaminant --- defluorination --- platinum --- electro-oxidation --- strontium carbonate (SrCO3) --- solvothermal method --- visible light --- n/a --- diethyl phthalate --- photoelectrochemical degradation --- persistent organic pollutants --- chloride ions --- TiO2 nanotubes --- g-C3N4 --- response surface methodology --- wastewater treatment --- phenol --- crude oil --- sonolysis --- sonophotocatalysis --- FT-ICR/MS --- Kendrick plot --- van Krevelen diagram --- water --- pollution --- remediation
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La présence de composés pharmaceutiques dans notre environnement est nocive pour la faune et la flore aquatiques ainsi que pour l'Homme. Elle doit donc être empêchée. Cependant, les systèmes de traitement d'épuration des eaux ne sont toujours pas suffisamment efficaces pour dégrader entièrement ces molécules. C'est pourquoi le projet "Traitement Oxydatif de ComposEs Pharmaceutiques, TOCEP" a été créé: il consiste à l'élaboration d'un traitement de finition des eaux en sortie de stations d'épuration à partir d'un traitement oxydatif avancé, soit une combinaison d'ozonation et de photocatalyse hétérogène. Ce travail de fin d'études s'inscrit dans la lignée de ce projet et plus particulièrement dans la participation à la mise au point du photocatalyseur idéal, principalement à base de dioxyde de titane, pour la dégradation de composés pharmaceutiques en phase aqueuse. L'influence de différents paramètres opératoires sur l'efficacité de dégradation de ces composés pharmaceutiques est également étudiée. The presence of pharmaceutical compounds in our environment is harmful for the aquatic fauna and flora as well as to humans. Therefore, it has to be prevented. However, wastewater treatment systems are still not efficient enough to fully degrade these molecules. The "Oxidative Treatment of Pharmaceutical Compounds, TOCEP" project was created in this context. It consists of the development of a finishing treatment of wastewater at the outlet of sewage treatment plants by an advanced oxidative treatment, meaning a combination of ozonation and heterogeneous photocatalysis steps. This master's thesis is in the continuity of the project and more particularly in the participation in the development of the ideal photocatalyst, mainly based on titanium dioxide, for the degradation of pharmaceutical compounds in aqueous phase. The influence of different operating parameters on the degradation efficiency of these pharmaceutical compounds is also studied.
Photocatalyse --- Dioxyde de titane --- TiO2 --- Sol-gel --- Dépollution --- Ozonation --- Films minces --- Oxydation avandée --- Composés pharmaceutiques --- Bleu de méthylène --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Ingénierie chimique
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Semiconductor photocatalysts have attracted a great amount of multidiscipline research due to their high potential for solar-to-chemical-energy conversion applications, ranging from water and air purification to hydrogen and chemical fuel production. This unique diversity of photoinduced applications has spurred major research efforts on the rational design and development of photocatalytic materials with tailored structural, morphological, and optoelectronic properties in order to promote solar-light harvesting, easy photogenerated electron-hole recombination and the concomitant low quantum efficiency. This book presents a collection of original research articles on advanced photocatalytic materials, synthesized by novel fabrication approaches and/or innovative modifications that improve their performance in target photocatalytic applications such as water (cyanobacterial toxins, antibiotics, phenols, and dyes) and air (NOx and volatile organic compounds) pollutant degradation, hydrogen evolution, and hydrogen peroxide production by photoelectrochemical cells.
Technology: general issues --- anatase --- brookite --- C/N-TiO2 --- microcystin-LR --- photodegradation --- visible light --- TiO2 nanomaterials --- Au nanoparticles --- anodization --- photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics --- LC-MS/MS --- TiO2 --- photonic crystals --- graphene oxide nanocolloids --- reduced graphene oxide --- photocatalysis --- photocatalytic materials --- nanocomposites --- sulfate-modified BiVO4 --- methylene blue --- LED visible light --- photodecomposition --- anatase TiO2 nanocrystals --- high-energy facets --- photocatalytic activity --- photovoltaic performance --- photoactive cement --- TiO2/N --- NOx decomposition --- mechanical properties --- plasmonic photocatalysis --- silver-copper oxide --- VOCs remediation --- full-spectrum photoresponse --- carbon-doped titania --- carbon-modified titania --- graphene/titania --- vis-active photocatalyst --- antibacterial properties --- laser pyrolysis --- hydrogen peroxide --- CdS --- CdSe --- photoelectrocatalysis --- photocatalytic fuel cells --- photo fuel cells --- visible light activated titania --- heterojunction photocatalysts --- photonic crystal catalysts --- graphene-based photocatalysts --- water and air purification --- solar fuels
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