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Transdermal medication. --- Transdermal medication --- Endermic medication --- Endermic method --- Endermosis --- Transdermal drug administration --- Transdermal drug delivery --- Transdermal patch administration --- Drugs --- Therapeutics, Cutaneous and external --- Administration

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The authors show how the pharmaceutical industry faces the development of dermal drugs and provide the only book of its kind that describes how the industry develops and selects dermal drugs, complete with the challenges and opportunities of the field. Delivery of drugs through the skin has been an attractive and challenging area for research, and advances in modern technologies have resulted in a larger number of drugs being delivered transdermally, including conventional hydrophobic small molecule drugs, hydrophilic drugs and macromolecules. Offering the perspective from the industrial side of selection and development of drugs, the primary audience is geared towards the pharmaceutical industry but can also offer valuable information to clinicians, compounding pharmacists, and similarly pharmacy students. Dermal Drug Selection and Development covers the scientific gaps that exist in terms of dermal pharmacokinetics and the resulting uncertainty by clinicians when choosing a drug candidate.

Transdermal medication. --- Dermatology. --- Endermic medication --- Endermic method --- Endermosis --- Transdermal drug administration --- Transdermal drug delivery --- Transdermal patch administration --- Medicine. --- Pharmaceutical technology. --- Biomedicine. --- Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology. --- Drugs --- Therapeutics, Cutaneous and external --- Medicine --- Skin --- Administration --- Diseases --- Pharmaceutical laboratory techniques --- Pharmaceutical laboratory technology --- Technology, Pharmaceutical --- Technology

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This authoritative volume explores advances in the techniques used to measure percutaneous penetration of drugs and chemicals to assess bioavailability and bioequivalence and discusses how they have been used in clinical and scientific investigations. Seven comprehensive sections examine topics including in vitro drug release, topical drugs products, clinical studies, and guidelines and workshop reports, among others. The book also describes how targeted transdermal drug delivery and more sophisticated mathematical modeling can aid in understanding the bioavailability of transdermal drugs. The first edition of this book was an important reference guide for researchers working to define the effectiveness and safety of drugs and chemicals that penetrated the skin. This second edition contains cutting-edge advances in the field and is a key resource to those seeking to define the bioavailability and bioequivalence of percutaneously active compounds to improve scientific and clinical investigation and regulation.   Vinod P. Shah is a pharmaceutical consultant. He was Scientific Secretary of the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) and is now Chair of the FIP Regulatory Sciences Special Interest Group. Dr. Shah has served at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and has developed several regulatory guidances for the pharmaceutical industry in biopharmaceutics and topical drug products. Howard I. Maibach is professor of dermatology at the University of California, San Francisco. He received his M.D. at Tulane University Medical School in New Orleans, Louisiana, and completed his residency and research fellowships at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Professor Maibach is a leading authority in the fields of dermatotoxicology and dermatopharmacology, in which he has conducted research and written extensively. John Jenner is a principal scientist at The Defence Science and Technology Laboratory in the UK. He has a degree in pharmacology from the University of Manchester in Manchester, UK, and a Ph.D. from the University of Surrey, Guildford, UK. John has spent his career studying defense against and treatment of highly toxic chemicals. He has an enduring research interest in percutaneously active chemicals, whether toxic materials or drugs, and experience in the design and testing of transdermal formulations.

Therapeutics, Cutaneous and external. --- Bioavailability. --- Drugs --- Skin --- Therapeutic equivalency. --- Permeability. --- Cutaneous permeability --- Skin permeability --- Bioequivalence in drugs --- Clinical equivalence in drugs --- Therapeutic equivalency in drugs --- Biopharmaceutics --- Availability, Biological --- Biological availability --- Physiologic availability --- Physiological availability --- Biochemistry --- Cutaneous therapeutics --- Equivalency, Therapeutic --- Toxicology. --- Animal physiology. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Animal Physiology. --- Biological and Medical Physics, Biophysics. --- Animal physiology --- Animals --- Biology --- Anatomy --- Chemicals --- Medicine --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Physiology --- Toxicology --- Pharmacology. --- Biophysics. --- Biological physics. --- Biological physics --- Medical sciences --- Physics --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Chemotherapy --- Pharmacy --- Physiological effect

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Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers in a mini-series format comprising five volumes, represents the most comprehensive reference on enhancement methods – both well established and recently introduced – in the field of dermal/transdermal drug delivery. In detail the broad range of both chemical and physical methods used to enhance the skin delivery of drugs is described. All aspects of drug delivery and measurement of penetration are covered and the latest findings are provided on skin structure and function, mathematics in skin permeation and modern analytical techniques adapted to assess and measure penetration. In offering a detailed description of the methods currently in use for penetration enhancement, this book will be of value for researchers, pharmaceutical scientists, practitioners and also students.

Dermatology --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Transdermal medication. --- Skin absorption --- Effect of drugs on. --- Cutaneous absorption --- Percutaneous absorption --- Endermic medication --- Endermic method --- Endermosis --- Transdermal drug administration --- Transdermal drug delivery --- Transdermal patch administration --- Medicine. --- Pharmacology. --- Dermatology. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Absorption (Physiology) --- Skin --- Drugs --- Therapeutics, Cutaneous and external --- Physiology --- Administration --- Toxicology. --- Chemicals --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Toxicology --- Diseases --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Medical sciences --- Chemotherapy --- Pharmacy --- Physiological effect

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This work represents an inventive attempt to apply recent advances in nanotechnology to identify and characterise novel polymer systems for drug delivery through the skin. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements of the nanoscale mechanical properties of topical, drug-containing polymeric films enabled the author to identify optimal compositions, in terms of flexibility and substantivity, for application to the skin. To elucidate the enhanced drug release from polyacrylate films incorporating medium chain triglycerides, the author combined AFM studies with the complementary technique of Raman micro-spectroscopy. This experimental strategy revealed that the significant increase in the drug released from these films is the result of a nanoscale two-phase structure. Finally, in experiments examining the microporation of skin using femtosecond laser ablation, the author demonstrated that the threshold at which the skin's barrier function is undermined can be dramatically reduced by the pre-application of ink. The approach allows thermal damage at the pore edge to be minimised, suggesting a very real potential for substantially increasing drug delivery in a minimally invasive fashion.

Radiology, MRI, Ultrasonography & Medical Physics --- Light & Optics --- Physics --- Medicine --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Drug delivery systems. --- Drug delivery systems --- Transdermal medication. --- Bioelectronics. --- Technological innovations. --- Electronic biology --- Endermic medication --- Endermic method --- Endermosis --- Transdermal drug administration --- Transdermal drug delivery --- Transdermal patch administration --- Delivery systems, Drug --- Drug administration technology --- Drug delivery technology --- Drugs --- Delivery systems --- Therapeutics, Cutaneous and external --- Pharmaceutical technology --- Biology --- Administration --- Medical physics. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Polymers. --- Nanotechnology. --- Medical and Radiation Physics. --- Biomedical Engineering/Biotechnology. --- Polymer Sciences. --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Polymere --- Polymeride --- Polymers and polymerization --- Macromolecules --- Health physics --- Health radiation physics --- Medical radiation physics --- Radiotherapy physics --- Radiation therapy physics --- Biophysics --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Engineering --- Radiation. --- Polymers  . --- Radiology