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This book provides a detailed overview of the law and policy related to unlawful killings and the right to life. It is organized into the key thematic issues and types of killings that arose during the mandate of the UN Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions between 2004-2016. Each chapter contains an introductory overview and selected extracts from UN Special Rapporteur reports to the United Nations General Assembly and the Human Rights Council and other normative work, and covers the applicable international law, policy considerations, and common fact scenarios.Philip Alston held the mandate of United Nations Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions between 2004 and 2010; Christof Heyns did so from 2010 to 2016. This book was created to provide easy access to the work of the Special Rapporteurs, and to be a useful guide for those studying and working to promote respect for human rights. The book was edited by the two rapporteurs, together with their main advisors during their tenure as mandate holders, Sarah Knuckey and Thomas Probert.

Law --- Unlawful Killings --- Use of Force by Law Enforcement Officials --- Identity-Based Killings --- Killings by Non-State Actors --- The Death Penalty

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In 1764, a Milanese aristocrat named Cesare Beccaria created a sensation when he published On Crimes and Punishments. At its centre is a rejection of the death penalty as excessive, unnecessary, and pointless. Beccaria is deservedly regarded as the founding father of modern criminal law reform, yet he was not the first to argue for the abolition of the death penalty. This book presents the first English translation of the Florentine aristocrat Giuseppe Pelli's critique of capital punishment, written three years before Beccaria's treatise, but lost for more than two centuries in the Pelli family archives. The book examines the contrasting arguments of the two abolitionists, who drew from different intellectual traditions.

Capital punishment --- Punishment --- 13th Amendment. --- America’s Death Penalty in an Age of Abolition. --- Bentham. --- Carolyn Hoyle. --- David Garland. --- Florence. --- Habsburg Empire. --- Italian Enlightenment. --- Jefferson. --- Jeremy Bentham. --- Law of Grand Duke Leopold II. --- Lombardy. --- Milan. --- Montaigne. --- Peculiar Institution. --- Roger Hood. --- The Death Penalty. --- Thomas Jefferson. --- Tuscany. --- convict transportation. --- ends of punishment. --- imprisonment. --- lex talonis. --- penal servitude. --- slavery. --- social contract. --- state of nature. --- utilitarianism.

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Public law. Constitutional law --- Criminal law. Criminal procedure --- Criminology. Victimology --- United States --- Great Britain --- 343.9 --- Corrections --- -Pressure groups --- -Prison reformers --- -Social reformers --- Advocacy groups --- Interest groups --- Political interest groups --- Special interest groups (Pressure groups) --- Functional representation --- Political science --- Representative government and representation --- Lobbying --- Policy networks --- Political action committees --- Social control --- Correctional services --- Penology --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Criminologie --(algemeen) --- Howard League for Penal Reform --- Radical Alternatives to prison --- HLPR (Charity) --- Howard League --- Howard Association (London, England) --- Penal Reform League (London, England) --- National Council for the Abolition of the Death Penalty (Great Britain) --- Pressure groups --- Prison reformers --- -Criminologie --(algemeen) --- 343.9 Criminologie --(algemeen) --- -Advocacy groups --- Social reformers --- Howard League for Penal Reform. --- Radical Alternatives to Prison (Organization) --- HLPR (Howard League for Penal Reform) --- United States of America

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Islam and leadership of the community --- sects --- Islam and the Qur'an --- religion and tradition --- hadith literature --- Islam and God --- philosophy --- the existence of God --- the kalam cosmological argument --- divine attributes --- the unity of God --- God's names --- Islamic design --- civilzation --- religion and the city --- Islamic cities and tradition --- Islam and nationalism --- religious problems with nationalism --- Balkan --- Europe and religion --- European Islam --- liberal democracy and religion --- multiculturalism --- Balkan identity --- Turkey --- Islam political philosophy and nationalism --- Islam and equality --- Islam and patriarchy --- gender and the Qur'an --- the Prophet --- the treatment of women --- slavery --- homosexuality --- Islamic economics --- Islamic bonds --- Islamic markets --- Islam and morality --- Muslim moral character --- the islamic community as a moral unit --- God and morality --- theodicy --- Moses and Khidr --- Job --- abortion --- circumcision --- Islam and law --- apostasy --- the death penalty --- freedom of expression --- blasphemy --- Shari'a law in the United States and Europe --- Islamic education --- Islamic science --- tawhid --- Islamic exceptionalism --- Islamic pedagogy --- tahrif --- Judaism --- Christianity --- religious books --- Islam and belief --- the afterlife --- the day of judgment --- Islam and Sufism --- Islamic mysticism --- Sufism and law --- Wahhabism --- Sufism and philosophy --- Islam and entertainment --- pictures of the Prophet --- music --- mawlid --- yoga --- sport