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Pentazine --- Tetrazine --- Triazines --- Alkylating agents --- Heterocyclic compounds --- Organonitrogen compounds --- Benzotriazines

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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a very useful technique for medical diagnosis and drug development. Radiopharmaceuticals are a key element in PET techniques and one of the pivotal factors influencing the applications of PET. The aim of this Special Issue of Molecules is to report on the recent research work on a number of aspects of PET radiopharmaceuticals and their preclinical and clinical use. More specifically, the content of this Special Issue includes but is not limited to radiolabeling design, radiosynthesis, synthesis techniques, quality control methodologies, GMP production methods, product formulation, in vitro and in vivo preclinical PET evaluations, clinical evaluations, dosimetry, stability study and metabolite analysis, and modeling.

Medicine --- kinetic analysis --- Siglec-9 --- gallium-68 --- vascular adhesion protein --- VAP-1 --- infection --- inflammation --- osteomyelitis --- animal model --- Staphylococcus aureus --- multiple myeloma --- positron emission tomography/computed tomography --- radiopharmaceuticals --- 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose --- tetrazine ligation --- PET --- SPECT --- indium-11 --- fluorine-18 --- positron emission tomography (PET), defluorination --- isotopic exchange --- silicon-based fluoride acceptor --- bioorthogonal chemistry --- tetrazine --- inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder ligation --- opioid --- naloxone --- overdose --- fentanyl --- carfentanil --- [11C]carfentanil --- positron emission tomography --- receptor occupancy --- pharmacokinetics --- [18F]AlF --- NOTA --- NODAGA --- PODS --- thiol-reactive --- linker --- affibody molecule --- bioconjugation --- EGFR --- tumor imaging --- vulnerable plaque --- molecular imaging --- PET imaging --- nanobody --- single-domain antibody --- sub-millimetre resolution --- AlF-radiolabelling --- preclinical radiopharmaceutical dosimetry --- image-based internal dosimetry --- OLINDA --- MCT1/MCT4 lactate transporter inhibitor --- [18F]FACH --- radiation safety --- sigma-1 receptor availability --- orthotopic xenograft of glioblastoma in mouse --- small animal Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging (PET/MRI) --- (S)-(−)-[18F]fluspidine --- imaging-based biomarker --- SV2A protein --- PET radiotracers --- synaptic loss --- radiochemistry --- preclinical development --- clinical outcomes --- monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) --- FACH --- 18F-labeled analog of FACH --- α-CCA --- blood-brain barrier (BBB) --- positron emission tomography (PET) imaging --- peptides --- proteolysis --- metabolic stability --- kinetic analysis --- Siglec-9 --- gallium-68 --- vascular adhesion protein --- VAP-1 --- infection --- inflammation --- osteomyelitis --- animal model --- Staphylococcus aureus --- multiple myeloma --- positron emission tomography/computed tomography --- radiopharmaceuticals --- 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose --- tetrazine ligation --- PET --- SPECT --- indium-11 --- fluorine-18 --- positron emission tomography (PET), defluorination --- isotopic exchange --- silicon-based fluoride acceptor --- bioorthogonal chemistry --- tetrazine --- inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder ligation --- opioid --- naloxone --- overdose --- fentanyl --- carfentanil --- [11C]carfentanil --- positron emission tomography --- receptor occupancy --- pharmacokinetics --- [18F]AlF --- NOTA --- NODAGA --- PODS --- thiol-reactive --- linker --- affibody molecule --- bioconjugation --- EGFR --- tumor imaging --- vulnerable plaque --- molecular imaging --- PET imaging --- nanobody --- single-domain antibody --- sub-millimetre resolution --- AlF-radiolabelling --- preclinical radiopharmaceutical dosimetry --- image-based internal dosimetry --- OLINDA --- MCT1/MCT4 lactate transporter inhibitor --- [18F]FACH --- radiation safety --- sigma-1 receptor availability --- orthotopic xenograft of glioblastoma in mouse --- small animal Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging (PET/MRI) --- (S)-(−)-[18F]fluspidine --- imaging-based biomarker --- SV2A protein --- PET radiotracers --- synaptic loss --- radiochemistry --- preclinical development --- clinical outcomes --- monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) --- FACH --- 18F-labeled analog of FACH --- α-CCA --- blood-brain barrier (BBB) --- positron emission tomography (PET) imaging --- peptides --- proteolysis --- metabolic stability

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Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and it represents a persistent public health threat for a number of complex biological and sociological reasons. According to the most recent Global Tuberculosis Report (2019) edited by the World Health Organization (WHO), TB is considered the ninth cause of death worldwide and the leading cause of mortality by a single infectious agent, with the highest rate of infections and death toll rate mostly concentrated in developing and low-income countries. We present here the editorial section to the Special Issue entitled “Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathogenesis, Infection Prevention and Treatment” that includes 7 research articles and a review. The scientific contributions included in the Special Issue mainly focus on the characterization of MTB strains emerging in TB endemic countries as well as on multiple mechanisms adopted by the bacteria to resist and to adapt to antitubercular therapies.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Mycobacterium tuberculosis --- line probe assay --- second-line drugs --- drug resistance --- XDR-TB --- MDR-TB --- omics analysis --- TB treatment --- system analysis --- Beijing B0/W148 --- Mycobacterium smegmatis --- imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazine --- MmpS5-MmpL5 --- efflux --- drug discovery --- tuberculosis --- immune activation --- HLA-DR --- CD38 --- treatment response --- Mycobacterium --- macrophage --- apoptosis --- effector --- cytokine --- microRNA --- Beijing genotype --- Central Asia Outbreak --- murine infection model --- Virulence --- pre-XDR-TB --- Mycobacterium avium --- unique metabolic pathways --- subtractive genomics --- drug target --- uncharacterized proteins --- BM-MSCs --- Mtb --- bone-homing --- stem cell niche --- latent tuberculosis --- relapse --- liposomes --- M. tuberculosis --- host-pathogen interactions --- immune response --- antitubercular drug discovery --- antitubercular treatments --- IL-18 --- IL-18BP --- IL-18R --- gene expression --- Mycobacterium tuberculosis --- line probe assay --- second-line drugs --- drug resistance --- XDR-TB --- MDR-TB --- omics analysis --- TB treatment --- system analysis --- Beijing B0/W148 --- Mycobacterium smegmatis --- imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazine --- MmpS5-MmpL5 --- efflux --- drug discovery --- tuberculosis --- immune activation --- HLA-DR --- CD38 --- treatment response --- Mycobacterium --- macrophage --- apoptosis --- effector --- cytokine --- microRNA --- Beijing genotype --- Central Asia Outbreak --- murine infection model --- Virulence --- pre-XDR-TB --- Mycobacterium avium --- unique metabolic pathways --- subtractive genomics --- drug target --- uncharacterized proteins --- BM-MSCs --- Mtb --- bone-homing --- stem cell niche --- latent tuberculosis --- relapse --- liposomes --- M. tuberculosis --- host-pathogen interactions --- immune response --- antitubercular drug discovery --- antitubercular treatments --- IL-18 --- IL-18BP --- IL-18R --- gene expression